๐Ÿ“–Top-Level Korean Grammar and Expressions① ์กด๋Œ“๋ง ์••์กด๋ฒ•

The Subtle Trap of Apjonbeop: Grace's Slip-up in Korean Workplace | ์••์กด๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ํ•จ์ •: ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ Suitable for advanced Korean learners

The Subtle Trap of Apjonbeop: Grace's Slip-up in Korean Workplace
์••์กด๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ํ•จ์ •: ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜

๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•ด์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ์ œ์ž‘์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
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ํ•œ๊ตญ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ƒํ™œ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๋ ค ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์ง์› ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ณต๋ถ€๋„ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์กด๋Œ“๋ง์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•จ์€ ๋Š˜ ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋‹ค.

English: Grace, a foreign employee, was trying hard to get used to Korean company life. She studied Korean diligently, but the subtleties of Korean honorifics were always a challenge.

๐Ÿ”‘ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ํ‘œํ˜„ | Key Expression

์กด๋Œ“๋ง (jondaetmal): honorific language

๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค (mimyohada): subtle

ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ๋„ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„! ์••์กด๋ฒ•

English: Even Koreans find this expression difficult! Apjonbeop

์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์‚ฌ์žฅ๋‹˜๊ป˜ ์ง€๋‚œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ฆฌ. ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฐ•๋ฏธ๋…€ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ๋‹˜์˜ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ฐจ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์™”๋‹ค.

English: Today was a meeting to report on the progress of the boss. It was time to mention the work done by Assistant Manager Kang Mi-nyeo, who worked with her.

๐Ÿ”‘ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ํ‘œํ˜„ | Key Expression

์‚ฌ์žฅ๋‹˜ (sajangnim): Boss/President

๋Œ€๋ฆฌ๋‹˜ (daeri-nim): Assistant Manager (with honorific) TOPIK Level 4

๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ฏธ๋…€ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ๋‹˜์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค:

English: Grace, out of respect for Assistant Manager Kang Mi-nyeo, said this:

๐Ÿ’ƒ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค:

์‚ฌ์žฅ๋‹˜, ๊ฐ•๋ฏธ๋…€ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ๋‹˜์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ’ƒ Grace:

Boss, Assistant Manager Kang Mi-nyeo completed the task well.

์–ธ๋œป ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ œ ์—†์–ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์‚ฌ์žฅ๋‹˜์€ ์ž ์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ์ •์„ ์ง€์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

English: At first glance, it seemed fine, but the boss showed a thoughtful expression for a moment. Grace didn't realize she had made a subtle mistake she wasn't aware of.

๐Ÿ”‘ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋‹จ์–ด | Key Vocabulary

์‹ค์ˆ˜ (silsu): mistake

ํšŒ์˜ ํ›„, ์˜†์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋˜ ๋ฐ•๋ฏผ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์™€ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

English: After the meeting, Assistant Manager Park Min-su, who was sitting nearby, approached Grace and gently explained.

๐Ÿง” ๋ฐ•๋ฏผ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ:

๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค, ์•„๊นŒ ์‚ฌ์žฅ๋‹˜๊ป˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ•๋ฏธ๋…€ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ๋‹˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์ง€?

๐Ÿง” Min-su:

Grace, you talked about Assistant Manager Kang Mi-nyeo when reporting to the boss earlier, right?

๐Ÿ’ƒ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค:

๋„ค, ๋ฏผ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ๋‹˜. ๋ฏธ๋…€ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ๋‹˜์ด ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์–ด์š”.

๐Ÿ’ƒ Grace:

Yes, Assistant Manager Min-su. I told him that Assistant Manager Mi-nyeo finished the task well.

๐Ÿง” ๋ฐ•๋ฏผ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ:

๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋งž๋Š”๋ฐ, ์‚ฌ์žฅ๋‹˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋†’์€ ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•๋ฏธ๋…€ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ๋‹˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” '๋Œ€๋ฆฌ๋‹˜'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์กด์นญ์„ ๋ถ™์ด๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ.

๐Ÿง” Min-su:

The content is correct, but when you speak about Assistant Manager Kang Mi-nyeo to someone high like the boss, you shouldn't attach the honorific 'Daeri-nim'.

๐Ÿ’ƒ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค:

์•„... ์ •๋ง ์–ด๋ ต๋„ค์š”. ์กด๋Œ“๋ง์„ ์ผ๋Š”๋ฐ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์„ ๋ฐฐ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ง์ด ๋œ ๊ฑฐ๊ตฐ์š”.

๐Ÿ’ƒ Grace:

Ah... It's really difficult. I used honorifics, but it actually turned out to be a phrase that didn't consider the other person.

๐Ÿ’ฌ ์•Œ์•„๋‘๊ธฐ | Good to know

์••์กด๋ฒ• (apjonbeop): Apjonbeop (Hierarchy-based honorifics) TOPIK Level 5-6

์ง๊ธ‰ (jikgeup): job rank/position

ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์กด๋Œ€๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ, ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋” ๋†’์€ ์„œ์—ด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์กด์นญ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋‚˜, ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ์ฐจ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

English: One of Korea's unique honorific rules, when there is a person of higher rank between the speaker and the listener, the honorific of the subject is lowered based on the higher-ranked person. It is widely used in the workplace but is gradually disappearing from daily life.

์••์กด๋ฒ• (ๅฃ“ๅฐŠๆณ•) ์ด๋ž€? What is Apjonbeop?

์••์กด๋ฒ•์ด๋ž€, ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์ด(listener)๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ด(speaker)๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’๊ณ , ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ๋†’์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋‚ฎ์ถ”์–ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์กด๋Œ€๋ฒ•์น™์ด๋‹ค.

English: Apjonbeop (ๅฃ“ๅฐŠๆณ•) is a unique Korean honorific rule where, if the listener is higher than the speaker, and the person being spoken about is lower than the listener, the speaker lowers the rank/honorific used for the person being spoken about, rather than raising it.

์ฆ‰, ์‚ฌ์žฅ๋‹˜(๋“ฃ๋Š” ์ด)๊ป˜ ๊ฐ•๋ฏธ๋…€ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ๋‹˜(๋Œ€์ƒ)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ, ์‚ฌ์žฅ๋‹˜์ด ๊ฐ•๋ฏธ๋…€ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ๋‹˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋ฏธ๋…€ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ๋‹˜์„ ๋†’์—ฌ ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ.

English: That is, when speaking *to* the boss (listener) *about* Assistant Manager Kang Mi-nyeo (the subject), you do not use high honorifics for Assistant Manager Kang Mi-nyeo because the boss is higher than her.

๐Ÿ’ฌ ์„ค๋ช… ๊ด€๋ จ ๋‹จ์–ด | Related Terms for Explanation

๋“ฃ๋Š” ์ด (deunneun i): listener

๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ด (malhaneun i): speaker

๋Œ€์ƒ (daesang): subject (person being spoken about)

์ƒํ™ฉ (sanghwang): situation/context

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตํ›ˆ | Lessons We Can Learn

  • ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ๋ฌธ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งฅ๋ฝ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. → Context over literal words.
  • ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•œ ๋ง์€ ํ™•์ธ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜๋‹ค. → Clarify ambiguous expressions.
  • ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”์™€ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ค„์ธ๋‹ค. → Written feedback helps prevent errors.
  • ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์€ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์—…๋ฌด์— ํ•„์ˆ˜๋‹ค. → Cultural sensitivity is key in global teams.

๐Ÿ˜œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ 5๋ถ„๋งŒ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”. ํž˜๋‚ด์š”!

๐Ÿ˜œ Even just 5 minutes a day makes learning Korean easier. Let’s stay strong!

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