๐Ÿ”คํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ด€ํ˜•์‚ฌํ˜• ์–ด๋ฏธ(adnominal endings) : ๋จน๋Š”? ๋จน์€? ๋จน์„? ๋จน๋˜?

๐ŸŽฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์˜ ํ•จ์ •: '-๋Š”, -(์œผ)ใ„ด, -(์œผ)ใ„น, -๋˜' ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๊พธ๋ฏธ๊ธฐ! | Korean Grammar Pitfalls: Modifying Nouns with -๋Š”, -(์œผ)ใ„ด, -(์œผ)ใ„น, -๋˜ Without Confusion! ๐Ÿ”

๐ŸŽฌ'-๋Š”, -(์œผ)ใ„ด, -(์œผ)ใ„น, -๋˜' ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ง์ž!| Modifying Nouns with -๋Š”, -(์œผ)ใ„ด, -(์œผ)ใ„น, -๋˜ Without Confusion! ๐Ÿ”

TOPIK Level: Intermediate-Advanced (Level 4-5) A visual guide to Korean adnominal endings showing a confusing path.

์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”! ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋†’์ž„๋ง์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒํ—˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์ฃ ? ๐Ÿ’ช ๋†’์ž„๋ง๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค๋„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ ค ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์˜์—ญ์ด ๋˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊พธ๋ฉฐ์ค„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Hello! We've worked hard exploring the world of Korean honorifics, right? ๐Ÿ’ช Just as much as honorifics, there's another grammar area that many Korean learners find difficult, and even Koreans get confused explaining. These are the various forms used when verbs or adjectives modify nouns.


์˜์–ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์–ด๊ฐ„์— '-๋Š”', '-(์œผ)ใ„ด', '-(์œผ)ใ„น', '-๋˜' ๊ฐ™์€ ์–ด๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์—ฌ์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋™์ž‘์˜ ์‹œ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ, ์™„๋ฃŒ ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™”์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด๋‚˜ ํšŒ์ƒ ๋“ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์จ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Like relative pronouns in English, when you want to describe a noun, in Korean, you attach endings like '-neun', '-(eu)n', '-(eu)l', and '-deon' to the stem of a verb or adjective and place it before the noun. It seems simple, but which form to use changes complexly depending on the tense of the action, its state, completion, and the speaker's experience or recollection.


์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ '๊ด€ํ˜•์‚ฌํ˜• ์–ด๋ฏธ'์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒํ—ค์ณ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋จน๋Š” ๋นต', '๋จน์€ ๋นต', '๋จน์„ ๋นต', '๋จน๋˜ ๋นต' ์ค‘์— ์–ด๋–ค ๋นต์„ ๊ณ ๋ฅด์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”? ๐Ÿ˜‰

Today, following Mike's question, we will intensively delve into the correct usage and subtle differences of these four 'adnominal endings'. Among '๋จน๋Š” ๋นต (the bread being eaten)', '๋จน์€ ๋นต (the bread that was eaten)', '๋จน์„ ๋นต (the bread to be eaten)', and '๋จน๋˜ ๋นต (the bread that one used to eat)', which would you choose? ๐Ÿ˜‰

๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฒŒ์‹œ๋ฌผ: ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฒ•

๐Ÿค” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ: "์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ ์‚ด์€ ์ง‘ vs ์‚ด๋˜ ์ง‘?"

๐Ÿค” Mike's Question: "The house I lived in (sal-eun) vs The house I used to live in (sal-deon)?"

๐Ÿง” Mike:

๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค, ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ข€ ๋ด์š”! ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด๋ž‘ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ด์€ ์ง‘์ด์—์š”. ์˜ˆ์˜์ฃ ?

Grace, look at this photo! It's the house I lived in (sal-eun) with my family when I was little. It's pretty, right?

๐Ÿ’ƒ Grace:

์™€~ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์† ์ง‘ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ •๊ฒน๋‹ค! ๐Ÿ˜Š ๊ทผ๋ฐ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ, '์‚ด์€ ์ง‘'๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” '์‚ด๋˜ ์ง‘'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ์š”. ์–ด์ œ ๋จน์€ ๋นต, ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ๋ณธ ์˜ํ™”์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋๋‚œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ผ์—๋Š” '-(์œผ)ใ„ด'์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋งž๋Š”๋ฐ, '์‚ด๋‹ค' ๊ฐ™์€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ข€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์š”.

Wow~ The house in the photo looks so cozy! ๐Ÿ˜Š But Mike, saying '์‚ด๋˜ ์ง‘ (saldeon jip)' sounds much more natural than '์‚ด์€ ์ง‘ (sareun jip)'. It's correct to use '-(eu)n' for past actions that are finished, like 'the bread I ate yesterday' or 'the movie I watched last week'. But verbs like 'to live' are a bit different.

๐Ÿง” Mike:

์—‡, ์™œ์š”? '์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ ์‚ด๋‹ค'๋Š” ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋๋‚œ ๋™์ž‘ ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€์š”? '๋จน์€ ๋นต'์ด๋ž‘ '์‚ด์€ ์ง‘'์€ ์™œ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ฃ ? ใ… ใ… 

Oh, why? Isn't 'living when I was little' clearly a past action that's finished? Why is 'the bread I ate' different from 'the house I lived in'? ใ… ใ… 

๐Ÿ’ƒ Grace:

๋งˆ์ดํฌ์˜ ํ˜ผ๋ž€, ์•„์ฃผ ์ •์ƒ์ด์—์š”! ๐Ÿ˜Š ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ '-๋Š”, -(์œผ)ใ„ด, -(์œผ)ใ„น, -๋˜' ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์–ด๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ์ƒํƒœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ๋‰˜์•™์Šค์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ . ํŠนํžˆ '-๋˜'์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด๋‚˜ ํšŒ์ƒ, ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์ผ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ๋•Œ ์ž์ฃผ ์“ฐ์—ฌ์„œ ๋” ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ ค์š”.

Your confusion is completely normal, Mike! ๐Ÿ˜Š This is exactly because of the differences in tense, state, and subtle nuances of the four endings: '-neun', '-(eu)n', '-(eu)l', and '-deon'. Especially '-deon' is often used to indicate past experiences, recollections, or actions that were repeated or not completely finished, which makes it even more confusing.

๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฒŒ์‹œ๋ฌผ: ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋ฐœ์Œ๊ณผ ์ฒ ์ž์˜ ์ฐจ์ด

๐Ÿ”ช ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊พธ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ/ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ (-๋Š”, -(์œผ)ใ„ด, -(์œผ)ใ„น, -๋˜) ํ•ด๋ถ€

๐Ÿ”ช Dissecting Verbs/Adjectives Modifying Nouns (-neun, -(eu)n, -(eu)l, -deon)

1. ๋™์‚ฌ (Verbs) + ๊ด€ํ˜•์‚ฌํ˜• ์–ด๋ฏธ

-๋Š” (ํ˜„์žฌ / Present): ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๋™์ž‘ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Indicates an ongoing action in the present or a general, unchanging fact.

์ง€๊ธˆ ์ฝ๋Š” ์ฑ… (The book I am reading now)

๋งค์ผ ์•„์นจ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ (A person who exercises every morning)

-(์œผ)ใ„ด (๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ / Past Completed): ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ด๋ฏธ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๋™์ž‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Indicates an action that was already completed in the past.

์–ด์ œ ๋ณธ ์˜ํ™” (The movie I saw yesterday)

๋งˆ์ดํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋จน์€ ์ ์‹ฌ (The lunch that Mike already ate)

-(์œผ)ใ„น (๋ฏธ๋ž˜ / Future): ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋™์ž‘, ๊ณ„ํš, ์ถ”์ธก, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Indicates a future action, plan, guess, or possibility.

๋‚ด์ผ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์นœ๊ตฌ (The friend I will meet tomorrow)

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด ์ง‘ (The house we will live in)

-๋˜ (๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํšŒ์ƒ / Past Recollection): ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹œ์ ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋‚˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ํšŒ์ƒํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Used to recall an action that was repeated in the past, was started but not completed, or simply to recollect a state or action at a certain point in the past.

์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ ์ž์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๋˜ ๊ณต์› (The park I often used to go to as a child)

๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋˜ ์ปคํ”ผ ์–ด๋”” ๊ฐ”์ง€? (Where did the coffee I was drinking go? - Implies I hadn't finished it)

๐Ÿ’ก "์‚ด์€ ์ง‘" vs "์‚ด๋˜ ์ง‘" - ์™œ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ๊นŒ?

๐Ÿ’ก "sal-eun jip" vs "sal-deon jip" - What's the Difference?

'์‚ด๋‹ค(to live)'๋Š” '๋จน๋‹ค(to eat)'์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•œ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๋™์ž‘์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ธด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‚ด์•˜๋˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด('์‚ด์€')์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์‹ , ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํŠน์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ด์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํšŒ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋‰˜์•™์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ '-๋˜'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์‚ด๋˜ ์ง‘'์€ '๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‚ด์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง‘'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Unlike a one-time action like '๋จน๋‹ค (to eat)', '์‚ด๋‹ค (to live)' is an action that continues over a long period. Therefore, expressing the fact of having lived in the past as a simple completed event ('์‚ด์€') sounds awkward. Instead, it's much more natural to use '-๋˜', which carries the nuance of recollecting the experience of living there for a certain period in the past. '์‚ด๋˜ ์ง‘' effectively conveys the meaning of 'the house that I have the experience of living in before'.

๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฒŒ์‹œ๋ฌผ: ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ํ‘œํ˜„

2. ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ (Adjectives) + ๊ด€ํ˜•์‚ฌํ˜• ์–ด๋ฏธ

๐Ÿšจ ์ค‘์š”! ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ๋•Œ '-๋Š”'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
๐Ÿšจ Important! Adjectives DO NOT use '-neun' to indicate the present state!

์˜ˆ์œ๋‹ค(X) -> ์˜ˆ์œ(O). This is one of the most common mistakes for learners.

-(์œผ)ใ„ด (ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํƒœ / Present State): ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊พธ๋ฐ€ ๋•Œ, '-(์œผ)ใ„ด'์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
When modifying a noun, '-(eu)n' with an adjective indicates the present state.

์˜ˆ์œ ๊ฝƒ (A pretty flower - its current state is pretty)

์ข‹์€ ๋‚ ์”จ (Good weather - the weather is good now)

-๋˜ (๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํšŒ์ƒ / Past Recollection): ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํšŒ์ƒํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ทธ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‰˜์•™์Šค๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Used to recall a state that was true in the past. It can imply that the state might not be true anymore.

์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ๋Š” ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋˜ ์•„์ด (A child who used to be short - implies the child is taller now)

์ž‘๋…„์—๋Š” ์กฐ์šฉํ•˜๋˜ ๋™๋„ค๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋„๋Ÿฌ์›Œ์กŒ๋‹ค. (The neighborhood that used to be quiet last year has become noisy.)

๐Ÿง ์˜ˆ์™ธ: ์žˆ๋‹ค / ์—†๋‹ค / ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‹ค

๐Ÿง Exception: ์žˆ๋‹ค / ์—†๋‹ค / ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‹ค

‘์žˆ๋‹ค(to exist/have)’, ‘์—†๋‹ค(to not exist/not have)’, ‘๊ณ„์‹œ๋‹ค(to exist/be - honorific)’๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋™์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ๋•Œ '-๋Š”'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Although grammatically classified as adjectives, ‘์žˆ๋‹ค’, ‘์—†๋‹ค’, and ‘๊ณ„์‹œ๋‹ค’ conjugate like verbs and use '-๋Š”' for the present tense.

์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฑ… (An interesting book) | ๋ง›์—†๋Š” ์Œ์‹ (Tasteless food) | ์„œ์šธ์— ๊ณ„์‹œ๋Š” ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ (Grandmother who is in Seoul)

๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฒŒ์‹œ๋ฌผ: ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋†’์ž„๋ง์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€

๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•ด์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ์ œ์ž‘์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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✏️ ์‹ค์ „ ์—ฐ์Šต ํ€ด์ฆˆ | Practice Quiz!

๊ด„ํ˜ธ ์•ˆ์— ์•Œ๋งž์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์–ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. (-๋Š”, -(์œผ)ใ„ด, -(์œผ)ใ„น, -๋˜)

Complete the sentences by filling in the blanks with the correct form. (-neun, -(eu)n, -(eu)l, -deon)

  1. ์–ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ (์ฝ๋‹ค) ์ฝ์€ ์ฑ…์„ ์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋นŒ๋ ค์คฌ์–ด์š”.
  2. (Yesterday, I lent the book I ______ to a friend.)

  3. ๋‚ด์ผ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— (์ž…๋‹ค) ์ž…์„ ์˜ท์„ ์•„์ง ๋ชป ์ƒ€์–ด์š”.
  4. (I haven't bought the clothes I ______ to the party tomorrow yet.)

  5. ์ €๊ธฐ์„œ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ (ํ•˜๋‹ค) ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ œ ๋™์ƒ๋“ค์ด์—์š”.
  6. (The kids who ______ soccer over there are my younger siblings.)

  7. ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ ๋•Œ ๋งค์ผ ๊ฐ™์ด (๋†€๋‹ค) ๋†€๋˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
  8. (I miss the friend I ______ with every day in elementary school.)

๐ŸŽ‰ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  (Conclusion)

๊ด€ํ˜•์‚ฌํ˜• ์–ด๋ฏธ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, '์‹œ์ œ(์–ธ์ œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ธ๊ฐ€?)'์™€ '์ƒํƒœ(์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜, ์ง€์†/๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜?)'๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ํ›จ์”ฌ ์‰ฌ์›Œ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ '-๋˜'์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์•„๋ จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํšŒ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋А๋‚Œ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”!

Adnominal endings may seem complicated at first, but they become much easier if you think based on 'tense (when did it happen?)' and 'state (was it completed, or continuous/repeated?)'. Especially remember that '-deon' gives a nuance of faintly recalling a past experience!


์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด '์ž์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๋˜ ๊ณณ', '์–ด์ œ ๋จน์€ ์Œ์‹', '์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์—ฐ์Šต๋งŒ์ด ์‚ด๊ธธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๐Ÿ˜‰

Based on what you've learned today, try making sentences about 'a place you used to go often', 'food you ate yesterday', and 'things you will learn in the future'. Practice is the only way! ๐Ÿ˜‰

๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฒŒ์‹œ๋ฌผ: ์‹ค์ „ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ํ•™์Šต ๊ฟ€ํŒ

๐Ÿ˜œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ 5๋ถ„๋งŒ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”. ํž˜๋‚ด์š”!

๐Ÿ˜œ Even just 5 minutes a day makes learning Korean easier. Let’s stay strong!

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