๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋กœ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋›ฐ๊ธฐ

๐Ÿ“œThe Key to Improving Your Korean Proficiency② ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋ถ€์‚ฌ : ๋‚˜๋ž€ํžˆ, ๊ผผ๊ผผํžˆ, ์‚๋šค๊ฒŒ

๐Ÿš€ Mastering Korean Adverbs: An Essential Guide for Foreign Learners - SUPER REAL KOREAN
๐ŸŒŸ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ!
SUPER REAL KOREAN

๐Ÿš€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋ถ€์‚ฌ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ๊ณผ์ • Essential Course for Korean Mastery

ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” '๋ถ€์‚ฌ'์ด๋‹ค.
One of the most challenging aspects for foreign learners studying Korean is 'adverbs'.

์ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In this article, we will easily organize the types and usage of Korean adverbs for you.

"๋งค์šฐ"์™€ "์•„์ฃผ"์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ?
What is the difference between "๋งค์šฐ" (very) and "์•„์ฃผ" (very)?

"์ž์ฃผ"์™€ "๊ฐ€๋”"์˜ ๋นˆ๋„๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ๊นŒ?
How does the frequency of "์ž์ฃผ" (often) differ from "๊ฐ€๋”" (sometimes)?

✔"์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ"์™€ "๋Œ€์ถฉ"์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋‰˜์•™์Šค ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ๊นŒ?
What nuance differences do have?"์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ" (slowly) and "๋Œ€์ถฉ" (roughly)

๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋‹จ์–ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›€์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ์ด๋‹ค.
Although adverbs may seem like small words, they are crucial elements that determine the accuracy and naturalness of a sentence.


๐Ÿ’ก ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ 

Reasons Why You Need to Understand Adverbs Well

๐Ÿ’Ž ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋ถ€์‚ฌํ™œ์šฉ์˜ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์žฅ์ 

์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค
Detailed expression is possible

"์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ถฅ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" [It's a little cold]
vs
"๋งค์šฐ ์ถฅ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" [It's very cold]

์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ฌธ์žฅ
Natural-sounding sentences

"๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์˜ค์„ธ์š”!" [Come quickly!]
vs
"์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์˜ค์„ธ์š”" [Come slowly]

์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋“์  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
High exam scores

TOPIK ์“ฐ๊ธฐ·๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€
[TOPIK Writing/Speaking evaluation]



"๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋งŒ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด๋„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์ด 30%๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ„๋‹ค"๋Š” ๋ง์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„์ด๋‹ค! It is even said that "understanding adverbs properly can improve your Korean skills by at least 30%!"


๐Ÿ“Œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋ถ€์‚ฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ์ •๋ฆฌํ‘œ / Korean Adverbs Classification

๋ถ€์‚ฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜
Adverb Type
๊ธฐ๋Šฅ
Function
๋Œ€ํ‘œ ์˜ˆ์‹œ
Common Examples
์ •๋„๋ถ€์‚ฌ
Degree Adverbs
๊ฐ•๋„ ์กฐ์ ˆ
Modify intensity
๋งค์šฐ(very), ์กฐ๊ธˆ(a little), ์•„์ฃผ(extremely), ๊ฝค(rather), ๋„ˆ๋ฌด(too), ์ •๋ง(really), ๋ชน์‹œ(terribly), ๋ฌด์ฒ™(immensely), ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ(considerably)
๋นˆ๋„๋ถ€์‚ฌ
Frequency Adverbs
๋นˆ๋„ ํ‘œํ˜„
Express frequency
์ž์ฃผ(often), ๊ฐ€๋”(sometimes), ํ•ญ์ƒ(always), ๋ณดํ†ต(usually), ์ข…์ข…(frequently), ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ(occasionally), ์ ˆ๋Œ€(never), ์ „ํ˜€(not at all), ๋“œ๋ฌผ๊ฒŒ(rarely)
์–‘ํƒœ๋ถ€์‚ฌ
Manner Adverbs
๋ฐฉ์‹ ์„ค๋ช…
Describe manner
์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ(slowly), ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ(quickly), ์กฐ์šฉํžˆ(quietly), ํฌ๊ฒŒ(loudly), ๊ฐ„์‹ ํžˆ(barely), ๋งˆ์Œ๊ป(to one's heart's content), ํ•จ๋ถ€๋กœ(carelessly), ๋Œ€์ถฉ(roughly), ๊ผผ๊ผผํžˆ(meticulously)
์ ‘์†๋ถ€์‚ฌ
Conjunctive Adverbs
๋ฌธ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ
Connect sentences
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ(so), ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜(however), ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ(but), ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ(therefore), ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ(accordingly), ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€(moreover), ๋”์šฑ์ด(furthermore), ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ(eventually)
์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ถ€์‚ฌ
Time Adverbs
์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ํ๋ฆ„ ํ‘œํ˜„
Express time
์˜ค๋Š˜(today), ์–ด์ œ(yesterday), ๋‚ด์ผ(tomorrow), ์ง€๊ธˆ(now), ๊ณง(soon), ์ด๋”ฐ๊ฐ€(later), ๋ฒŒ์จ(already), ์•„์ง(yet), ์ด๋ฏธ(already), ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ(just now)
๋ถ€์ •๋ถ€์‚ฌ
Negative Adverbs
๋ถ€์ • ๊ฐ•์กฐ
Negate statements
์•ˆ(not), ๋ชป(cannot), ์ ˆ๋Œ€(absolutely not), ์ „ํ˜€(not at all), ๋ณ„๋กœ(not really), ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€(not very), ์˜(not in the least)
์˜๋ฌธ๋ถ€์‚ฌ
Interrogative Adverbs
์งˆ๋ฌธ ์ƒ์„ฑ
Form questions
์™œ(why), ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ(how), ์–ธ์ œ(when), ์–ด๋””์„œ(where), ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜(how much), ์–ด๋А(which), ์–ด๋– ํ•œ(what kind of)

๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
※ Adverb functions may vary depending on context.

์ด์ „ ํฌ์ŠคํŒ…์—์„œ ๋นˆ๋„๋ถ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์ •๋„๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์–‘ํƒœ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ํฌ์ŠคํŒ…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Since frequency adverbs and degree adverbs were explained in the previous post, I will start posting about manner adverbs one by one.

๐ŸŽจ ์–‘ํƒœ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ (Manner Adverbs)๋ž€, ๋™์ž‘์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ '๋ชจ์–‘'๊ณผ '๋ฐฉ์‹'์„ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋‚ด๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ฒ•!

์–‘ํƒœ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋™์ž‘์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ, ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์น˜ ํ™”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ถ“์œผ๋กœ ์„ฌ์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋“ฏ, ์–‘ํƒœ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์‹ค๊ฐ๋‚˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์ฑ„๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Manner adverbs play the role of specifically describing in what way or manner an action or state indicated by a verb or adjective occurs. Just as a painter delicately expresses with a brush, using manner adverbs allows you to convey the same situation much more vividly and diversely.


์ž, ์ด์ œ ์‹ค์ œ ์ƒํ™ฉ ์†์—์„œ ์–‘ํƒœ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ๊นŒ? ํ™๋Œ€์— ๋งค์žฅ ์ ๊ฒ€์„ ๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ์™€ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋”์šฑ ์‹ค๊ฐ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์–‘ํƒœ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ตํ˜€๋ณด์ž! ๐Ÿšถ‍♂️๐Ÿšถ‍♀️

Now, shall we take a look at how manner adverbs are actually used in real-life situations? Let's learn manner adverbs more vividly through the conversation between Mike and Grace, who went to check stores in Hongdae!


๐Ÿ—ฃ️ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ์™€ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค์˜ ํ™๋Œ€ ๋งค์žฅ ์ ๊ฒ€ ๋Œ€ํ™”
(Mike and Grace's Store Check Conversation in Hongdae)

๊ผผ๊ผผํžˆ

๋งˆ์ดํฌ: (๊ผผ๊ผผํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉฐ) ์Œ, ์ด์ชฝ ์ง„์—ด๋Œ€๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ํํŠธ๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ •๋ˆํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
Mike: (Looking carefully) Hmm, the product arrangement on this display seems a bit messy. It looks like we need to reorganize it.
๐Ÿ‘‰๊ผผ๊ผผํžˆ [kkom-kkom-hi] (carefully, meticulously): ์„ธ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋นˆํ‹ˆ์—†์ด ์‚ดํ”ผ๋Š” ๋ชจ์–‘ (The way of examining something meticulously and without any gaps.)

๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค: ๋„ค, ์ €๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๊ธฐ ์˜ท๊ฑธ์ด์— ์˜ท๋“ค์ด ์‚๋šค๊ฒŒ ๊ฑธ๋ ค ์žˆ๋„ค์š”. ๋‚˜๋ž€ํžˆ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ข‹๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
Grace: Yes, I thought so too. And the clothes on that hanger are hanging crookedly. It would be good to arrange them neatly in a row.
๐Ÿ‘‰์‚๋šค๊ฒŒ [ppi-tteul-ge] (crookedly, askew): ๋ฐ˜๋“ฏํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์šธ์–ด์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋น„๋šค์–ด์ง„ ๋ชจ์–‘ (The way something is tilted or not straight.)
๐Ÿ‘‰๋‚˜๋ž€ํžˆ [na-ran-hi] (neatly in a row, side by side): ์—ฌ๋Ÿฟ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Ÿฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜์–ด์„  ๋ชจ์–‘ (The way multiple things are arranged neatly in a line.)

๋งˆ์ดํฌ: ๋งž์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์†๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ†ต๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋„“๊ฒŒ ํ™•๋ณดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋น„์ข์•„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์š”.

Mike: Right. And I think we need to secure a wide aisle so that customers can look around comfortably. It looks a little cramped now.

๐Ÿ‘‰ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ [pyeon-an-ha-ge] (comfortably, at ease): ๋ชธ์ด๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ถํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ (In a way that is not physically or mentally uncomfortable or stuffy.)
๐Ÿ‘‰๋„“๊ฒŒ [neol-ge] (widely, broadly): ๋„“์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ (Over a wide range or space.)
๐Ÿ‘‰๋น„์ข๋‹ค [bi-job-da] (to be cramped/narrow): ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์ข์•„์„œ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋А๊ปด์ง€๋‹ค (To feel uncomfortable because the space is narrow.) - This is an adjective, used here in adverbial form '๋น„์ข์•„'.

๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค: ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋„ค์š”. ์ €์ชฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง์›๋ถ„์ด ์†๋‹˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ’ˆ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋„ค์š”. ์•„์ฃผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ข‹์•„์š”! ๐Ÿ˜Š
Grace: That's true. Over there, the staff member is explaining the product to a customer kindly. It looks very nice! ๐Ÿ˜Š
๐Ÿ‘‰์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ [chin-jeol-ha-ge] (kindly, friendly): ๋งˆ์Œ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๊ณฑ๊ณ  ์ƒ๋ƒฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ (In a way that is kind-hearted and gentle.)

๋งˆ์ดํฌ: ๋„ค, ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์‘๋Œ€๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์นœ์ ˆํ•ด์•ผ์ฃ . ์•„, ์ €๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์น˜์›Œ์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.

Mike: Yes, customer service should always be friendly. Oh, I wish someone would quickly pick up that trash on the floor.

๐Ÿ‘‰ํ•ญ์ƒ [hang-sang] (always): ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜, ๋Š˜ (At all times; on every occasion.) - Note: While "ํ•ญ์ƒ" (always) is an adverb, it's a frequency adverb, not a manner adverb. However, it adds to the natural flow of the conversation.
๐Ÿ‘‰์žฌ๋นจ๋ฆฌ [jae-ppa-lli] (quickly, swiftly): ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋‚ ์Œ”๊ฒŒ (In a very fast and agile manner.)

๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค: ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์น˜์šธ๊ฒŒ์š”! ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €์ชฝ ๊ฑฐ์šธ์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ํ๋ฆฟํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–ผ๋ฃฉ์ ธ ์žˆ๋„ค์š”. ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฆ์•„์•ผ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
Grace: I'll clean it right away and that mirror over there is a little stained blurrily. I need to wipe it cleanly.
๐Ÿ‘‰๋ฐ”๋กœ [ba-ro] (right away, immediately): ์–ด๋–ค ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฆ‰์‹œ (Immediately upon doing an action or becoming a state.) - Note: "๋ฐ”๋กœ" can function as a time adverb or a manner adverb depending on context. Here it indicates the immediate manner of action.
๐Ÿ‘‰ํ๋ฆฟํ•˜๊ฒŒ [heu-rit-ha-ge] (blurrily, faintly): ๋˜๋ ทํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํฌ๋ฏธํ•œ ๋ชจ์–‘ (In a way that is not clear or distinct, faint.)
๐Ÿ‘‰๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ฒŒ [kkae-kkeut-ha-ge] (cleanly): ๋”๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์ด ๋ง‘๊ณ  ์‚ฐ๋œปํ•˜๊ฒŒ (Clearly and refreshingly, without dirt.)

๋งˆ์ดํฌ: ์ข‹์•„์š”! ๋งค์žฅ์ด ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊น”๋”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ฃ . ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ ๊ฒ€, ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ์นœ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
Mike: Great! It's important that the store is kept cleanly overall. I think we finished today's check successfully.
๐Ÿ‘‰๊น”๋”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ [kkal-kkeum-ha-ge] (cleanly, neatly): ์–ด์ˆ˜์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ •๋ˆ๋œ ๋ชจ์–‘ (In a way that is tidy and not messy.)
๐Ÿ‘‰์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ [seong-gong-jeok-eu-ro] (successfully): ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์œผ๋ฉฐ (Achieving the desired result.)

๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค: ๋„ค, ์ˆ˜๊ณ ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋งค์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์‹œ์ฃ .
Grace: Yes, good work! Now, let's move slowly to the next store.
๐Ÿ‘‰์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ [cheon-cheon-hi] (slowly): ๋น ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ, ๋А๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ (Not fast, slowly.)

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