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๐ฌ ํ๊ตญ์ด ์ถ์ธก ํํ!
์ ์๋๋ ์ด๋ ค์ํ๋ ๋์ด๋!
By SUPER REAL KOREAN
Advanced Korean Grammar
๊ด๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํด์ฃผ์๋ฉด ์ฝํ ์ธ ์ ์์ ๋ง์ ๋์์ด ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
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๐ ํ๊ตญ์ด ์ถ์ธก ํํ ๋ง์คํฐํ๊ธฐ
'~๊ฒ ๊ฐ๋ค'๋ถํฐ '~๋ ๋ณด๋ค'๊น์ง, ํท๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋์์ค ํํค์น๊ธฐ
์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ, ํ๊ตญ์ด๋ก ๋ญ๊ฐ๋ฅผ `์ถ์ธก` (chuchuk)ํ๊ฑฐ๋ `์ง์` (jimjak)ํ๊ณ ์ถ์ ๋ ์ด๋ค ํํ์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋จผ์ ๋ ์ฌ๋ฆฌ์๋์? ์๋ง ๋ง์ ๋ถ๋ค์ด `'~(์ผ)ใด/๋/(์ผ)ใน ๊ฒ ๊ฐ๋ค'` (~(eu)n/neun/(eu)l geot gatda)๋ฅผ ์๊ฐํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์.
Hello everyone, when you want to 'guess' or 'estimate' something in Korean, what expression comes to mind first? Many of you probably think of '~(์ผ)ใด/๋/(์ผ)ใน ๊ฒ ๊ฐ๋ค'.
ํ์ง๋ง ํ๊ตญ์ด์๋ ์ด ์ธ์๋ ์ ๋ง ๋ค์ํ ์ถ์ธก ํํ๋ค์ด ์กด์ฌํ๋ฉฐ, ๋น์ทํด ๋ณด์ฌ๋ ์ํฉ๊ณผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋์์ค๊ฐ ๋ฏธ๋ฌํ๊ฒ ๋ค๋ฆ ๋๋ค. ์ด ๊ธ์์ ํท๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ํ๊ตญ์ด ์ถ์ธก ํํ๋ค์ ๋ช ํํ ์ ๋ฆฌํด ๋๋ฆฝ๋๋ค! ๐
However, there are many other diverse guessing expressions in Korean, and even though they look similar, their nuances subtly differ depending on the situation and the basis. This article will clearly summarize confusing Korean guessing expressions for you! ๐
๐ ์ ํ ํ์ต ๋ฌธ๋ฒ 3 (์ฌ์ ์ง์)
๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์ถ์ธก ํํ์ ๊ณต๋ถํ๊ธฐ ์ ์, ์์ฃผ ์ฌ์ฉ๋๋ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ๋ค์ ๋จผ์ ์ดํด๋ณผ๊น์?
-๊ณ (go): ์์ฐจ์ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ (๋์์ ์๊ฐ์ ์์).
์: ๋ฐฅ์ ๋จน๊ณ ์ํ๋ฅผ ๋ดค์ด์. (Babeul meokgo yeonghwaleul bwass-eoyo.)-์ง๋ง (jiman): ๋์กฐ/์ญ์ .
์: ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ์ง๋ง ๋ฐฅ์ ๋จน๊ธฐ ์ซ์ด์. (Baegopeujiman babeul meokgi sirheoyo.)-์ด์ (eoseo): ์ด์ /์์ธ.
์: ํผ๊ณคํด์ ์ผ์ฐ ์ค์ด์. (Pigoneseo iljjik jass-eoyo.)
๐ ์ ํ ํ์ต ์ดํ 3 (์ฌ์ ์ง์)
๋ง์คํฐ (maseuteo): ์์ด 'Master'์ ์ธ๋์ด. ์ด๋ค ๋ถ์ผ์ ์ ํตํ๊ฑฐ๋ ์๋ฌ๋ ์ฌ๋. ๋์ฌ '๋ง์คํฐํ๋ค'๋ก๋ ์ฌ์ฉ.
์ถ์ธก (chuchuk): ์ ํํ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ ์์ด ์ง์ํ์ฌ ํค์๋ฆผ. ์์ด 'guess'์ ์ ์ฌ. ๋์ฌ '์ถ์ธกํ๋ค'.
๋์์ค (nyuangseu): 'Nuance'์ ์ธ๋์ด. ๋ง์ด๋ ๊ธ์ด ๊ฐ์ง๋ ๋ฏธ๋ฌํ ์ฐจ์ด๋ ๋๋.
ํ๊ตฌ (tamgu): ์ง๋ฆฌ๋ ํ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ์๋ฅผ ๊น์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ํ๊ณ ๋ค์ด์ ๋ฐํ. ๋์ฌ 'ํ๊ตฌํ๋ค'.
~๊ฒ ๊ฐ๋ค ๋์ด๋: TOPIK I (Lv. 2)
Used to express the speaker's subjective thoughts, judgments, or general guesses about present, past, or future events/states.
`์ถ์ธก ํํ์ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ค์ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ`์ ๋๋ค. ๊ฑฐ์ ๋ชจ๋ ์ํฉ์์ ๋ฌด๋ํ๊ฒ ์ฌ์ฉํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.
This is the most basic guessing expression. It can be used smoothly in almost all situations.
๋์ด๋: TOPIK I (Lv. 2)
ํํ (Form):
`๋์ฌ/ํ์ฉ์ฌ ์ด๊ฐ + ~(์ผ)ใด/๋/(์ผ)ใน ๊ฒ ๊ฐ๋ค` (~geot gatda) (์์ ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ณํ)
`๋ช ์ฌ + ์ธ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ๋ค / ์ธ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์์` (in geot gatda / in geot gat-ayo)
๋์์ค (Nuance):
ํ์์ ์ฃผ๊ด์ ์ธ ์๊ฐ์ด๋ ํ๋จ์ ๋ํ๋ผ ๋ ์ฃผ๋ก ์ฌ์ฉํฉ๋๋ค. ์ถ์ธก์ ๊ฐ๋๋ ์ํฉ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌ๋ผ์ง ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.
Mainly used to express the speaker's subjective thoughts or judgments. The strength of the guess can vary depending on the situation.
์๋ฌธ (Examples):
์ค๋ ๋น๊ฐ ์ฌ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์์. (Ol geot gatayo.)
It seems like it will rain today.
๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ด ์ง๊ธ ๋ฐฅ์ ๋จน๋ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์์. (Babeul meongneun geot gatayo.)
It seems like that person is eating a meal now.
์ ์ด์จ ์จ๋ ์ด์ ํผ๊ณคํ๋ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์์. (Pigonhaessdeon geot gatayo.)
It seems like Jason was tired yesterday.
~๋ ๋ณด๋ค ๋์ด๋: TOPIK II (Lv. 3~4)
์ด๋ค ์ํฉ์ด๋ ํ๋์ ์ง์ ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ฃ๊ณ , `๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ก ์ถ์ธก`ํ ๋ ์ฌ์ฉํฉ๋๋ค. ๊ฐ์ธ์ ์ธ ๋๋๋ณด๋ค๋ `๊ฐ๊ด์ ์ธ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ`๊ฐ ์์ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ์ ๋๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์ ์ํ๋ ์ํฉ์ ๋ํด ๋งํ ๋ ์์ฐ์ค๋ฝ์ต๋๋ค.
Used when guessing based on directly seeing or hearing a situation or action. This expression is used when there is an objective basis, rather than a personal feeling. Therefore, it is natural to use it when talking about another person's state or situation.
๋์ด๋: TOPIK II (Lv. 3~4)
ํํ (Form):
`๋์ฌ ์ด๊ฐ + -๋ ๋ณด๋ค` (na boda)
์: ์ค๋ค -> ์ค๋ ๋ณด๋ค / ๊ฐ๋ค -> ๊ฐ๋ ๋ณด๋ค
`ํ์ฉ์ฌ ์ด๊ฐ + -ใด๊ฐ/์๊ฐ ๋ณด๋ค` (n-ga/eun-ga boda)
์: ์์๋ค -> ์์๊ฐ ๋ณด๋ค / ๋ฐ์๋ค -> ๋ฐ์๊ฐ ๋ณด๋ค
`๋ช ์ฌ + ์ธ๊ฐ ๋ณด๋ค` (in-ga boda)
์: ์ ์๋ -> ์ ์๋์ธ๊ฐ ๋ณด๋ค
๋์์ค (Nuance):
ํ์๊ฐ ์ง์ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋ค์ ์ฌ์ค์ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํด '์, ๊ทธ๋ฐ๊ฐ ๋ณด๋ค!' ํ๊ณ ๊นจ๋ฌ์์ ์ป๋ ๋์์ค์ ๊ฐ๊น์ต๋๋ค. '์๋ฌด๋๋ ๊ทธ๋ฐ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์'๋ผ๋ ๋์์ค๋ก ์ถ์ธกํ์ง๋ง, ์ถ์ธก์ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ ๋ ๋ช ํํ๋ค๋ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ ์์ต๋๋ค.
It is close to the nuance of the speaker realizing, 'Ah, so that's how it is!' based on what they have seen or heard directly. It is a guess with the nuance of 'It seems that way anyway,' but the difference is that the basis for the guess is clearer.
์๋ฌธ (Examples):
์์ง์ด๊ฐ ์ฐ์ฐ์ ์ฐ๊ณ ์๋ค์. ๋น๊ฐ ์ค๋ ๋ด์. (Big-a ona bwayo.)
Sujin is using an umbrella. It seems like it's raining.
๋ง์ดํฌ ์จ๊ฐ ์ ํ ํตํ๋ฅผ ์ ๋ฐ์์. ์ง๊ธ ๋ฐ์๊ฐ ๋ด์. (Jigeum bappeun-ga bwayo.)
Mike isn't answering the phone. It seems like he's busy right now.
์ง์๊ฐ ๋ฆ๋ ๊ฑธ ๋ณด๋ ์ฐจ๊ฐ ๋ง์ด ๋งํ๋ ๋ด์. (Cha-ga manhi makyeossna bwayo.)
Seeing that Jisu is late, it seems like there was a lot of traffic.
~๋ ๋ชจ์์ด๋ค ๋์ด๋: TOPIK II (Lv. 3~4)
์ด๋ค ์ํฉ์ `์ธํ์ ๋ชจ์ต์ด๋ ํํ`๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ์ถ์ธกํ ๋ ์ฌ์ฉํฉ๋๋ค. ๋์ผ๋ก ์ง์ ํ์ธํ ๊ฒ์ ๋ฐํ์ผ๋ก ํ๋ ์ถ์ธก์ด๋ผ, `'~๋ ๋ณด๋ค'๋ณด๋ค ๋ ์๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ`๊ฐ ๊ฐํฉ๋๋ค.
Used to guess based on the outward appearance or form of a situation. Since the guess is based on what was directly seen with the eyes, it has a stronger visual basis than '~๋ ๋ณด๋ค'.
๋์ด๋: TOPIK II (Lv. 3~4)
ํํ (Form):
`๋์ฌ ์ด๊ฐ + ๋ ๋ชจ์์ด๋ค` (neun moyang-ida)
์: ๋จน๋ค -> ๋จน๋ ๋ชจ์์ด๋ค
`ํ์ฉ์ฌ ์ด๊ฐ + (์ผ)ใด ๋ชจ์์ด๋ค` ((eu)n moyang-ida)
์: ์ํ๋ค -> ์ํ ๋ชจ์์ด๋ค / ์๋ค -> ์์ ๋ชจ์์ด๋ค
`๋ช ์ฌ + ์ธ ๋ชจ์์ด๋ค` (in moyang-ida)
์: ํ์ -> ํ์์ธ ๋ชจ์์ด๋ค
๋์์ค (Nuance):
์ฃผ๋ก ๋์ผ๋ก ์ง์ ๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ๋ํ ์ถ์ธก์ ์ฐ์ ๋๋ค. '์ํฉ์ ๋ณด๋ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ์๊ธด ๊ฒ ๊ฐ๋ค'๋ผ๋ ๋์์ค๊ฐ ๊ฐํฉ๋๋ค.
It is mainly used for guesses about results seen directly with the eyes. The nuance of 'it seems to be that way from looking at the situation' is strong.
์๋ฌธ (Examples):
์์ง์ด๊ฐ ๋๋ฌผ์ ํ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์์ด์. ๋ฌด์จ ์ฌํ ์ผ์ด ์๋ ๋ชจ์์ด์์. (Museun seulpeun ir-i issneun moyang-ieyo.)
Sujin is shedding tears. It seems like something sad has happened.
๋ค๋ค ์ ์ฅ ์ฐจ๋ฆผ์ธ ๊ฑธ ๋ณด๋ ํ์ฌ ํ์ฌ๊ฐ ์๋ ๋ชจ์์ด์์. (Hoesa haengsa-ga issneun moyang-ieyo.)
Seeing that everyone is in a suit, it seems like there is a company event.
~์/ใน์ง๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋ค ๋์ด๋: TOPIK II (Lv. 4)
๋ฏธ๋์ ๋ถํ์คํ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ ์ถ์ธกํ ๋ ์ฌ์ฉํฉ๋๋ค. `'~๊ฒ ๊ฐ๋ค'๋ณด๋ค ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ด ๋ฎ๊ฑฐ๋`, `์์์น ๋ชปํ ๋ถ์ ์ ์ธ ์ํฉ`์ ๋ํด ์ถ์ธกํ ๋ ์์ฃผ ์ฐ์ ๋๋ค. 'ํน์ ~ํ ์๋ ์๋ค'๋ผ๋ ๋์์ค์ ๊ฐ๊น์ต๋๋ค.
Used to guess an uncertain possibility in the future. It is often used when the possibility is lower than '~๊ฒ ๊ฐ๋ค', or when guessing about an unexpected negative situation. It is closer to the nuance of 'perhaps it might happen'.
๋์ด๋: TOPIK II (Lv. 4)
ํํ (Form):
`๋์ฌ/ํ์ฉ์ฌ ์ด๊ฐ + -(์ผ)ใน์ง๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋ค`
์: ์ค๋ค -> ์ฌ์ง๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋ค / ๋ฐ์๋ค -> ๋ฐ์ ์ง๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋ค
`๋ช ์ฌ + ์ผ์ง๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋ค`
์: ํ์ -> ํ์์ผ์ง๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋ค
๋์์ค (Nuance):
'๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ด ์๋ค'๋ผ๋ ์๋ฏธ์ง๋ง, ์ฝํ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ด๋ ์์์น ๋ชปํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋งํ ๋ ์์ฃผ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
It means 'there is a possibility,' but it is often used when talking about a weak possibility or an unexpected result.
์๋ฌธ (Examples):
์ง๊ฐ์ ์ ๊ฐ์ ธ์์ด์. ์์ด๋ฒ๋ ธ์์ง๋ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์. (Irheobeoryeosseuljido mollayo.)
I didn't bring my wallet. I might have lost it.
์ง๊ธ ์ถ๋ฐํด๋ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋์น ์ง๋ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์. (Gichareul nohchiljido mollayo.)
Even if we leave now, we might miss the train.
๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋ฒ์ธ์ด ์๋ ์๋ ์์ง๋ง, ๋ฒ์ธ์ผ์ง๋ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์. (Beomin-iljido mollayo.)
That person might not be the culprit, but they might be.
๊ด๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํด์ฃผ์๋ฉด ์ฝํ ์ธ ์ ์์ ๋ง์ ๋์์ด ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
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๊ฒ ๊ฐ๋ค
๊ณ ๊ธ ํ๊ตญ์ด
๋ ๋ณด๋ค
๋ ๋ชจ์์ด๋ค
์ถ์ธก ํํ
ํ๊ตญ์ด ๊ต์
ํ๊ตญ์ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ
advanced Korean
Korean Grammar
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