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๐Ÿ’ฏTHE KEY OF KOREAN DREAM⑨: Advanced Vocabulary for TOPIK II

[์ธ๋ฑ์Šค ๋ณต๊ตฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐ€๋™ ์ค‘] ๋ณธ ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” HTTPS ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋กœ ๋™๊ธฐํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
TOPIK II ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์˜์—ญ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์–ดํœ˜ ๊ณต๋žต (3) - ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ

Mastering Advanced Vocabulary for TOPIK II Writing (Part 3: Social Issues)

TOPIK II ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์˜์—ญ ๊ณ ๋“์ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์–ดํœ˜ ์ •๋ณต (3ํŽธ: ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ)
Conquering Advanced Vocabulary for High Scores in TOPIK II Writing (Part 3: Social Issues)

TOPIK II ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์–ดํœ˜ ์ง€์‹๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ๊ตญ์ œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊นŠ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ดํ•ด์™€ ์ด๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋…ผ์ˆ ํ˜• ๋ฌธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์ž์ฃผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

The TOPIK II Writing section requires not only knowledge of grammar and vocabulary but also a deep understanding of various issues in Korean society and the international community, and the ability to express them effectively. Social issues, in particular, are core topics frequently covered in essay questions or graph analysis questions.

์ด๋ฒˆ ํฌ์ŠคํŒ…์€ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์–ดํœ˜ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํŽธ์œผ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” '์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ'์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋“ค์„ ์ƒ์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

This post is the third part of the advanced vocabulary series, where we will look closely at essential vocabulary related to the major 'Social Issues' facing our society.

์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๊ด€๋ จ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์–ดํœ˜

์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์ธต์ ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์›์ธ, ํ˜„ํ™ฉ, ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ์–ดํœ˜๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.

Social issues are complex and multifaceted, so it is important to know the relevant vocabulary well in order to accurately explain the causes, current status, and solutions for each issue. Let's improve your writing skills on social issues through the following vocabulary.

ํ™œ์šฉ TIP: ์–ดํœ˜์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ํ•ด๋‹น ์–ดํœ˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌํšŒ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ ์†์—์„œ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.

Usage TIP: In addition to the meaning of the vocabulary, practice understanding in context how each term is used to explain a particular social phenomenon or issue.

ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์–ดํœ˜ ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ (์˜ˆ์‹œ)

1. ์ €์ถœ์‚ฐ (Low Birth Rate)

์ €์ถœ์‚ฐ | Jeochulsan | Low birth rate

์˜๋ฏธ: ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์ด ์ธ๊ตฌ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ˜„์ƒ.

Meaning: A phenomenon where the birth rate in a country or region is lower than the level needed to maintain the population.

ํ™œ์šฉ: ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ €์ถœ์‚ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Usage: Korean society is experiencing growing concerns about future economic growth due to the serious problem of low birth rate.

ํ•œ๊ตญ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์ถœ์ƒ์•„ ์ˆ˜ ์ถ”์ด (๋‹จ์œ„: ๋ช…)
1970๋…„
1,006,645
1985๋…„
655,489
2000๋…„
640,089
2010๋…„
470,171
2020๋…„
272,337
2023๋…„
230,028

์œ„ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋Š” 1970๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์ถœ์ƒ์•„ ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ถœ์ƒ์•„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์ถœ์ฒ˜: ํ†ต๊ณ„์ฒญ)

The graph above shows the trend of the number of annual live births in Korea since 1970. You can see that the number of births has decreased significantly over time. (Source: Statistics Korea)

2. ๊ณ ๋ นํ™” ์‚ฌํšŒ (Aging Society)

๊ณ ๋ นํ™” ์‚ฌํšŒ | Goryeonghwa sahoe | Aging society

์˜๋ฏธ: ์ „์ฒด ์ธ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋…ธ์ธ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ์ ์  ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”. (UN ๊ธฐ์ค€: 65์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋น„์œจ์ด 7% ์ด์ƒ - ๊ณ ๋ นํ™” ์‚ฌํšŒ, 14% ์ด์ƒ - ๊ณ ๋ น ์‚ฌํšŒ, 20% ์ด์ƒ - ์ดˆ๊ณ ๋ น ์‚ฌํšŒ)

Meaning: A change in social structure where the proportion of the elderly population is continuously increasing. (UN standards: Proportion of population aged 65+ is 7% or more - aging society, 14% or more - aged society, 20% or more - super-aged society)

ํ™œ์šฉ: ๊ณ ๋ นํ™” ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ง„์ž…์€ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ, ์˜๋ฃŒ ๋“ฑ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ํฐ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Usage: Entering an aging society is putting a heavy burden on the entire social system, including pensions and healthcare.

ํ•œ๊ตญ 65์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋น„์œจ ์ถ”์ด (๋‹จ์œ„: %)
1970๋…„
3.1%
1980๋…„
3.8%
1990๋…„
5.1%
2000๋…„ (๊ณ ๋ นํ™”)
7.2%
2010๋…„
10.8%
2017๋…„ (๊ณ ๋ น)
14.3%
2023๋…„
18.2%
2025๋…„ (์˜ˆ์ธก)
20.3%

์œ„ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ „์ฒด ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ 65์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋ น์ธ๊ตฌ ๋น„์œจ์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์ถœ์ฒ˜: ํ†ต๊ณ„์ฒญ)

The graph above shows the change in the proportion of the population aged 65 and over in the total Korean population. It indicates that the proportion of the elderly population is continuously increasing, showing rapid societal aging. (Source: Statistics Korea)

3. ์–‘๊ทนํ™” (Polarization)

์–‘๊ทนํ™” | Yanggeukhwa | Polarization

์˜๋ฏธ: ์†Œ๋“, ์ž์‚ฐ, ๊ณ„์ธต ๋“ฑ์ด ์ ์  ์–‘์ชฝ ๋์œผ๋กœ ์น˜์šฐ์ณ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ธต์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ. (์†Œ๋“ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊นŠ์Œ)

Meaning: A phenomenon where income, assets, social strata, etc., are increasingly skewed towards both extremes, and the middle class is shrinking. (Closely related to income inequality)

ํ™œ์šฉ: ๊ต์œก ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜ ์–‘๊ทนํ™”๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ณ„์ธต ์ด๋™์„ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Usage: The polarization of educational opportunities is one of the main reasons making social mobility difficult.

4. ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ (Social Conflict)

์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ | Sahoe galdeung | Social conflict

์˜๋ฏธ: ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋‚ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„ ์ถฉ๋Œ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธด์žฅ, ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ ํ˜„์ƒ.

Meaning: A phenomenon of tension and confrontation arising from conflicts of interest or differences of opinion among various groups within society.

ํ™œ์šฉ: ์†Œํ†ต๊ณผ ํƒ€ํ˜‘์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Usage: Lack of communication and compromise deepens social conflict and hinders social integration.

5. ์ •๋ณด ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ (Digital Divide)

์ •๋ณด ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ | Jeongbo gyeokcha | Digital divide

์˜๋ฏธ: ์ •๋ณด ํ†ต์‹  ๊ธฐ์ˆ (ICT)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ.

Meaning: Socioeconomic disparity arising from differences in accessibility and ability to utilize Information and Communication Technology (ICT).

ํ™œ์šฉ: ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์ด๋‚˜ ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต์€ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ •๋ณด ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ฒด๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Usage: The elderly and low-income groups experience difficulties in using smart devices and feel the digital divide.

6. ์ฒญ๋…„ ์‹ค์—… (Youth Unemployment)

์ฒญ๋…„ ์‹ค์—… | Cheongnyeon siryeop | Youth unemployment

์˜๋ฏธ: ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•  ์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต์ด ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ.

Meaning: The state where young people who are willing and able to work cannot find jobs.

ํ™œ์šฉ: ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ฒญ๋…„ ์‹ค์—… ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ๋™๋ ฅ์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Usage: The serious problem of youth unemployment causes social instability and weakens the driving force for future growth.

์ด ์™ธ์—๋„ '๋นˆ๊ณค', '๋ฒ”์ฃ„์œจ', '์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ', '๊ต์œก ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ', '์ฐจ๋ณ„', '์„ธ๋Œ€ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ', '์ง€์—ญ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•' ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๊ด€๋ จ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ตํžˆ๋ฉด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

In addition to these, it is good to learn various other terms related to social issues such as 'poverty', 'crime rate', 'housing issues', 'education gap', 'discrimination', 'generational conflict', and 'regional imbalance'.

๐Ÿ’Ž Hidden Grammar Gems ๐Ÿ’Ž

  • ~๋กœ ์ธํ•ด (ro inhae) | [๋กœ ์ธํ•ด] | Due to, because of
  • ~์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ (e daehan) | [์— ๋Œ€หํ•œ] | About, regarding
  • ~๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก  (neun mullon) | [๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก ] | Not to mention, as well as
  • ~์™€/๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊นŠ๋‹ค (wa/gwa gwallyeon gipda) | [์™€/๊ณผ ๊ด„๋ จ ๊นŠ๋”ฐ] | Be closely related to
  • ~์„/๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋‹ค (eul/reul yagihada) | [์„/๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋‹ค] | To cause, to bring about
  • ~์„/๋ฅผ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค (eul/reul jeohaehada) | [์„/๋ฅผ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค] | To hinder, to impede
  • ~์„/๋ฅผ ์ฒด๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ค (eul/reul chegamhada) | [์„/๋ฅผ ์ฒด๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ค] | To feel, to experience firsthand
  • ~๋Š”/์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ~๋„ (neun/eun mullon ~do) | [๋Š”/์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ~๋„] | Not only ~ but also ~

๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ

์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” TOPIK ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ์ถœ์ œ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋†’์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ•™์Šตํ•œ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋“ค๊ณผ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ช… ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Social issues are an important area with high weighting in the TOPIK Writing test. If you consistently practice writing texts that analyze various social phenomena and explore solutions based on the essential vocabulary and statistical data learned today, you will surely be able to achieve good results in the writing section.

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High-Scoring Sentence Patterns for TOPIK II Writing: (5)์ •๋ณด๊ฒฉ์ฐจ

TOPIK 2๊ธ‰ 30 DAYS CHALLENGE_22์ผ์ฐจ : ์ฝ๊ธฐ 37~40๋ฒˆ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ฐ„ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์  ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ (Reading Questions 37-40)

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