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Learn Korean with News: A ๋Œ€์‹  B (Instead of A, B) & Youth Job Market Crisis | TOPIK Guide
REAL TOPIK LEVEL 3 GRAMMAR GUIDE

A ๋Œ€์‹ (์—) B

[ A dae-sin-(e) B ]

✅ Topik Level 3 Essential Grammar: "Instead of A, B"

AI์— ๋ง‰ํžŒ ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ทจ์—… ์ „๊ณต ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์š” MBC ๋‰ด์Šค

[๋‰ด์Šค ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ํ•™์Šต ๊ณผ์ œ] ์ตœ๊ทผ AI ํ™•์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ฒญ๋…„ ๊ณ ์šฉ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์–ผ์–ด๋ถ™๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค [00:00:00]. ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์‹ ์ž… ์ฑ„์šฉ์„ ๋Œ€ํญ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  AI๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์ž๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ์กธ์—…ํ•œ ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ „๊ณต์„ ์‚ด๋ ค ์ทจ์—…ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค [00:01:25]. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋งŽ์€ ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์ด "์ „๊ณต ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ธฐ์ˆ "์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ฉฐ ์šฉ์ ‘์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ค๋ฌด ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค [00:00:16]. ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ•™์Šต ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š” ์„ ํƒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• 'A ๋Œ€์‹ (์—) B (Instead of A, B)'์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ทจ์—…์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ํ˜„์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

[News Summary & Learning Task] Due to the spread of AI and economic slowdown, South Korea's youth employment market is deeply frozen [00:00:00]. As companies sharply reduce entry-level hiring and prefer experienced workers capable of utilizing AI, it has become increasingly difficult for college graduates to find jobs in their major fields [00:01:25]. Consequently, many young job seekers are opting to learn practical skills "instead of relying on their college majors" and changing career paths toward technical training programs such as welding [00:00:16]. Today's task is to master the essential grammar 'A ๋Œ€์‹ (์—) B' (Instead of A, B) and key vocabulary reflecting Korea's job market reality.

NEWS DATA ANALYSIS & GRAPHIC

๐Ÿ“Š ์ทจ์—…์‹œ์žฅ ์‹ค์ธก ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„ (Job Market Empirical Data)

์ „๋ฌธ์„œ๋น„์Šค·IT ์—…์ข… ์ทจ์—…์ž ์ˆ˜ [์ž๋ฃŒ: ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์ฒ˜ | ๊ธฐ์ค€: ์ง€๋‚œ 2์›”]

2025๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๊ฐ์†Œ ์ธ์›: 14๋งŒ 7์ฒœ ๋ช… ๐Ÿ“‰

๐Ÿ“ˆ 1. IT ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฌธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ์ทจ์—…์ž ๊ฐ์†Œ ์ˆ˜์น˜: ์ง€๋‚œ 2์›” ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ „๋…„(2025๋…„) ๋Œ€๋น„ 147,000๋ช… ๊ฐ์†Œ [00:01:13] → IT & Professional Services Employment Drop: Decreased by 147,000 year-over-year as of February [00:01:13]
์ „๋ฌธ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์—…์ข… ์ทจ์—…์ž์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ
๐Ÿ“ˆ 2. 2030 ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต ์ง‘์ค‘ ๋น„์œจ: ์ „์ฒด ๊ฐ์†Œ ์ธ์›์˜ ์•ฝ 90%๊ฐ€ 20๋Œ€์™€ 30๋Œ€์— ์ง‘์ค‘ [00:01:13] → Concentration in Youth (20s-30s): Approx. 90% of the decrease concentrated in 20s and 30s [00:01:13] ๐Ÿ“ˆ 3. ์ฒญ๋…„ ๊ณ ์šฉ๋ณดํ—˜ ๊ฐ€์ž…์ž ๊ฐ์†Œ ์ถ”์ด: 29์„ธ ์ดํ•˜ ๊ณ ์šฉ๋ณดํ—˜ ๊ฐ€์ž…์ž 1๋…„ ์ƒˆ 57,000๋ช… ๊ฐ์†Œ (47๊ฐœ์›” ์—ฐ์† ๊ฐ์†Œ์„ธ) [00:01:50] → Youth Employment Insurance Decline: Under-29 insured workers fell by 57,000 year-over-year (47 consecutive months of decline) [00:01:50]

๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์„ค๋ช…: ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์ฒ˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด AI ๋…ธ์ถœ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ IT ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฌธ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์—…์ข…์—์„œ 14๋งŒ 7,000๋ช…์˜ ์ทจ์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ [00:01:13], ์ด ์ค‘ 90%๊ฐ€ ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. AI๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋ณด์  ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์‹ ์ž… ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์ž๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ „๊ณต ๋Œ€์‹  ์‹ค์šฉ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ต์œก์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ธธ์„ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค [00:00:16].

Graphic Explanation: According to National Data Office statistics, employment in IT and professional services—sectors highly exposed to AI—dropped by 147,000 people [00:01:13], with 90% of the drop concentrated among youth. As AI replaces entry-level tasks, companies favor experienced staff over entry-level hires, prompting young graduates to pursue technical training instead of relying on their majors [00:00:16].

๐ŸŽฌ ํ•™์Šต ์˜์ƒ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ (Watch the Learning Video)

์•„๋ž˜ ์˜์ƒ[00:00:00 ~ 00:02:11]์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๋ฉฐ MBC ๋‰ด์Šค ๋ณด๋„ ์† ์‹ค์ œ 'A ๋Œ€์‹  B' ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋ฐ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.

๐Ÿ” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ž…์ฒด ๋ถ„์„ (In-depth Analysis of 'A ๋Œ€์‹  B')

GRAMMAR POINT

A ๋Œ€์‹ (์—) B [ A dae-sin-(e) B ]

์˜๋ฏธ (Meaning): 'A'๋ผ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ, ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— 'B'๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€์น˜ํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (Indicates replacing A with B, or choosing/doing B instead of A.)

A (๋ช…์‚ฌ / ๋™์‚ฌ) Original Choice / Major
+ ๋Œ€์‹ (์—) Instead of / In place of
B (์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ ํƒ) New Choice / Tech Skill
๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ํ˜•ํƒœ (Combination) ๊ณต์‹ ๋ฐ ์˜ˆ์‹œ (Formula & Example)
๋ช…์‚ฌ + ๋Œ€์‹ (์—)
(Noun + ๋Œ€์‹ )
[๋ช…์‚ฌ] + ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
์˜ˆ: ์ „๊ณต ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ธฐ์ˆ  (Technology instead of major) [00:00:16]
๋™์‚ฌ + ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ (์—)
(Verb + ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ )
[๋™์‚ฌ ์–ด๊ฐ„] + -๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
์˜ˆ: ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์ง์œผ๋กœ ์ทจ์—…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (Learning skills instead of getting an office job.)

๐Ÿ“š TOPIK ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์–ดํœ˜ (Essential Vocabulary)

VOCAB 1

1. ์ทจ์—…๋‚œ [ chwi-eop-nan ]

์˜๋ฏธ (Meaning): ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ. (Extreme difficulty in finding employment / Job shortage crisis.) [00:01:00]

์˜ˆ๋ฌธ (Example): AI ๋„์ž… ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋กœ ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์˜ ์ทจ์—…๋‚œ์ด ๋”์šฑ ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค [00:01:00]. (The youth employment crisis is worsening as AI adoption accelerates [00:01:00].)

VOCAB 2

2. ์ง„๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ [ jin-ro byeon-gyeong ]

์˜๋ฏธ (Meaning): ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ์ง์—…์ด๋‚˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ. (Career path change / Changing direction.) [00:00:30]

์˜ˆ๋ฌธ (Example): ์ „๊ณต๋Œ€๋กœ๋Š” ์ทจ์—…์ด ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์ž ์•„์˜ˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ฉฐ ์ง„๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์„ ๊พ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค [00:00:30]. (As finding a job in their major is difficult, they are seeking a career change by learning brand new skills [00:00:30].)

VOCAB 3

3. ์ฑ„์šฉ ๋ฌธํ„ฑ [ chae-yong mun-teok ]

์˜๋ฏธ (Meaning): ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ธ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฝ‘์„ ๋•Œ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด๋‚˜ ์ž…์‚ฌ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€. (Hiring threshold / Recruitment barrier.) [00:00:00]

์˜ˆ๋ฌธ (Example): AI ํ™•์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์˜ ์ฑ„์šฉ ๋ฌธํ„ฑ์ด ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•„์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค [00:00:00]. (With the proliferation of AI, corporate hiring thresholds have risen noticeably [00:00:00].)

VOCAB 4

4. ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์ž [ gyeong-ryeok-ja ]

์˜๋ฏธ (Meaning): ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ผํ•ด ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ค๋ฌด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ. (Experienced worker / Senior candidate.) [00:01:25]

์˜ˆ๋ฌธ (Example): ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์‹ ์ž… ์ฑ„์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  AI๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์ž๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค [00:01:25]. (Companies are reducing entry-level hiring and preferring experienced workers who can utilize AI [00:01:25].)


๐Ÿ“ ๋‰ด์Šค ์† ์‘์šฉ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• (Applied Grammar in News)

GRAMMAR 1

1. -(์œผ)๋ฉด์„œ [ -(eu)myeonsa ]

์˜๋ฏธ (Meaning): ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (While / Doing something at the same time.) [00:00:30]

์˜ˆ๋ฌธ (Example): ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋ฉด์„œ ์ง„๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์„ ๊พ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค [00:00:30]. (Young people are seeking career changes while learning new skills [00:00:30].)

GRAMMAR 2

2. -(์œผ)ใ„น ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค [ -(eu)l su-bak-e eop-da ]

์˜๋ฏธ (Meaning): ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (Have no choice but to...) [00:00:51]

์˜ˆ๋ฌธ (Example): ์ทจ์—…์ด ์›Œ๋‚™ ํž˜๋“ค๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค [00:00:51]. (Since finding a job is so tough, we have no choice but to learn practical skills [00:00:51].)

GRAMMAR 3

3. -(์œผ)ใ„น ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค [ -(eu)l ye-jeong-i-da ]

์˜๋ฏธ (Meaning): ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (Is scheduled / planned to...) [00:02:04]

์˜ˆ๋ฌธ (Example): ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์„ ์กฐ๋งŒ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค [00:02:04]. (The government is scheduled to announce measures for youth job issues soon [00:02:04].)


๐Ÿ“ ์—ฐ์Šต๋ฌธ์ œ (Practice Quiz)

Q1. ๋นˆ์นธ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•Œ๋งž์€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๊ณ ๋ฅด์„ธ์š”. (Choose the correct grammar for the blank.)

๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ „๊ณต (       ) ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ์šฉ์ ‘ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ ์ทจ์—…์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(I successfully got a job by learning practical welding skills (       ) my college major.)

Q2. ๋‰ด์Šค ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๊ณ ๋ฅด์„ธ์š”. (Choose the correct statement based on the news.)


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