TOPIK II μ°κΈ° 54λ² π μμλ¬Έμ : κ΄λ³΅ 80μ£Όλ ! 'κΈ°μ΅ν¬μ'μ κ³μλλ€_80th Anniversary of Liberation: The Struggle for Memory Continues.
κΈ°μ΅λμ§ μλ μμ¬λ λνμ΄λλ€ A History Not Remembered Is a History Repeated

κΈ°μ¬λ‘ λ°°μ°λ νμ±ν μ°λ¦¬λ§ νν π Rich Korean Expressions from the Article π
✏️ μ΄ κΈ°μ¬λ λ Όλ¦¬μ μ΄κ³ λ¨λ¨ν λ¬Έμ₯μΌλ‘ μκ°μ μ λ¬ν©λλ€. μ°λ¦¬κ° μΌμμμ νμ©ν μ μλ κΉμ΄ μλ μ΄νμ ννλ€μ ν¨κ» μ΄ν΄λ³΄κ² μ΅λλ€.
✏️ This article conveys its thoughts in logical and solid sentences. Let's look at some insightful vocabulary and expressions we can use in our daily lives.
μ€ μ리λ₯Ό μλ€ (seol jarireul ilta)
μ΄λ€ μ견μ΄λ μ‘΄μ¬κ° λ μ΄μ μν₯λ ₯μ λ°ννμ§ λͺ»νκ±°λ μΈμ λ°μ§ λͺ»νλ μν©μ λΉμ μ μΌλ‘ ννν©λλ€. 'μ μ§κ° μ’μμ§λ€'μ λΉμ·ν μλ―Έμ§λ§, λ κ·Όλ³Έμ μΈ κΈ°λ° μμ²΄κ° μ¬λΌμ§λ λλμ μ€λλ€.
This metaphorically expresses a situation where an opinion or existence can no longer exert influence or gain recognition. It's similar to 'one's position is narrowed' (μ μ§κ° μ’μμ§λ€), but implies the loss of a more fundamental foundation.
μμ: "μ§λμΉ μμ μ£Όμ λλ¬Έμ μμ μμ μ΄ μ€ μ리λ₯Ό μμ΄κ°κ³ μλ€."
Example: "Due to excessive commercialism, pure art is losing its ground."
ν΄ν (ιθ‘) (toehaeng)
'λ€λ‘ λ¬Όλ¬λλ€'λ λ»μ νμμ΄λ‘, λ°μ νμ§ λͺ»νκ³ μ€νλ € κ³Όκ±°μ μλͺ»λ μνλ‘ λλμκ°λ κ²μ μλ―Έν©λλ€. 'μμ¬μ ν΄ν', 'μλμ ν΄ν'μ²λΌ λΆμ μ μΈ μμ¬ μΈμμ λΉνν λ μμ£Ό μ¬μ©λ©λλ€.
A Sino-Korean word meaning 'to go backward', it signifies failing to progress and instead reverting to a past, flawed state. It is often used to criticize a negative perception of history, as in 'historical regression' (μμ¬μ ν΄ν) or 'anachronistic regression' (μλμ ν΄ν).
μμ: "λ€μμ±μ μ‘΄μ€νμ§ μλ νλλ μλμ°©μ€μ μΈ ν΄νμΌ λΏμ΄λ€."
Example: "An attitude that doesn't respect diversity is nothing but an anachronistic regression."
λ§μλ€ (matseoda)
μ΄λ €μμ΄λ λΆλΉν¨μ ꡴볡νμ§ μκ³ μ λ©΄μΌλ‘ λννλ€λ μλ―Έμ λλ€. λ¨μν 'λ°λνλ€'λ₯Ό λμ΄, μ κ·Ήμ μΌλ‘ μΈμ°κ³ μ ννλ λ₯λμ μΈ μμ§λ₯Ό λ΄κ³ μμ΅λλ€.
This means to confront difficulties or injustice head-on without surrendering. It goes beyond simply 'opposing' (λ°λνλ€) and contains an active will to fight and resist.
μμ: "κ·Έλ κ±°λν κΆλ ₯μ λΆλΉν¨μ νλ‘ λ§μ μΈμ λ€."
Example: "He fought alone, standing up against the injustice of a great power."
-(μΌ)γΉ λΏμ΄λ€ (-eul ppunida)
'μ€μ§ κ·Έκ² νλλ°μ μλ€'κ³ λ¨μ νμ¬ κ°μ‘°νλ ννμ λλ€. λ¬Έμ₯μ λμμ μ£Όμ₯μ ν΅μ¬μ λͺ ννκ² νκ³ , λ€λ₯Έ λμμ΄ μμμ κ°νκ² λνλΌ λ μ¬μ©λ©λλ€. (λ¬Έλ²: λͺ μ¬ λ€μλ 'λΏμ΄λ€', λμ¬λ νμ©μ¬ λ€μλ '-(μΌ)γΉ λΏμ΄λ€' νν)
An expression used for emphasis, stating that there is 'only that one thing'. Used at the end of a sentence, it clarifies the core of an argument and strongly indicates that there are no other alternatives. (Grammar: 'λΏμ΄λ€' follows a noun, while '-(μΌ)γΉ λΏμ΄λ€' follows a verb or adjective).
μμ: "λ΄κ° λ°λΌλ κ²μ μ€μ§ μ§μ€μΌ λΏμ΄λ€." / "μ°λ¦¬λ κ·Έμ 묡묡ν κ±Έμ΄κ° λΏμ΄λ€."
Example: "The only thing I want is the truth." / "We will just silently walk on."
μμ€νλ€ (εθͺͺνλ€) (yeokseolhada)
'νμ£Όμ΄ λ§νλ€'λ λ»μΌλ‘, μμ μ μ£Όμ₯μ κ°νκ³ λ Όλ¦¬μ μΌλ‘ νΌμΉλ κ²μ μλ―Έν©λλ€. λ¨μν 'μ£Όμ₯'μ λμ΄, νμ μ μ°¬ νλλ‘ ν μκ² λ Όμ¦νλ λμμ€λ₯Ό νκΉλλ€.
Meaning 'to speak with force', it refers to presenting one's argument strongly and logically. It carries a nuance beyond a simple 'claim' (μ£Όμ₯), implying an argument made forcefully with conviction.
μμ: "μλ―Ό λ¨μ²΄λ νκ²½ 보νΈμ μ€μμ±μ μμ€νλ€."
Example: "The civic group forcefully argued for the importance of environmental protection."
✏️ 2025λ , μ°λ¦¬λ κ΄λ³΅ 80μ£Όλ μ΄λΌλ μμ¬μ μΈ μκ°μ λ§μ΄ν©λλ€. 80λ μ΄λΌλ μΈμμ ν λλΌμ κ°μ°κ³Ό μ¬λλ€μ μκ°μ λ°κΎΈκΈ°μ μΆ©λΆν μκ°μ λλ€. νμ§λ§, κ³Όμ° μ°λ¦¬λ κ³Όκ±°μ μνμ μ¨μ ν κΈ°μ΅νκ³ , κ·Έ μμ μ¬λ°λ₯Έ λ―Έλλ₯Ό μΈμ°κ³ μμκΉμ? <ν겨λ >μ "κΉλμ€·μ€λΆμΉ μ μΈ 27λ …λνμ΄λλ μμ¬ λΆμ , κΈ°μ΅μΌλ‘ λ§μμΌ"λΌλ κΈ°μ¬λ λ°λ‘ μ΄ 'κΈ°μ΅'μ μ€μμ±μ μ°λ¦¬μκ² λ€μ νλ² μΌκΉ¨μ μ€λλ€.
✏️ In 2025, we face a historic moment: the 80th anniversary of Korea's liberation. A period of 80 years is long enough to change a nation's landscape and its people's thoughts. However, are we truly remembering the pains of the past and building a proper future upon them? An article from The Hankyoreh, titled "27 years since the Kim-Obuchi Declaration... We must counter repeated denials of history with memory," once again awakens us to the importance of this 'memory'.
μμ¬λ₯Ό λνλ μ°λ¦¬μ μμΈ: ν겨λ κΈ°μ¬ μΈμ©
"μΌλ³Έ μ λΆκ° μμ¬λ₯Ό λΆμ νλ μΌμ΄ λνμ΄λλ μ΄μ λ λΆλͺ νλ€. μΌλ³Έ μ¬νμ μ°κ²½ν νλ¦ μμμ, μλ―Όμ§λ°°μ μΉ¨λ΅μ μμ λν λ°μ±κ³Ό μ¬μ£μ λͺ©μλ¦¬κ° μ€ μ리λ₯Ό μμ΄κ°κ³ μκΈ° λλ¬Έμ΄λ€. μ΄λ° ν΄νμ λ§μλ μ μΌν κΈΈμ μμ¬λ₯Ό μ¬λ°λ₯΄κ² κΈ°μ΅νκ³ , κΈ°λ‘νκ³ , μ¦μΈνλ μΌλΏμ΄λ€."
Our Stance on History: Quoting The Hankyoreh Article
"The reason the Japanese government repeatedly denies history is clear. Amidst the rightward shift in Japanese society, voices of reflection and apology for colonial rule and wars of aggression are losing their ground. The only way to counter this regression is to correctly remember, record, and testify to history."
✏️ μ΄ κΈ°μ¬λ μΌλ³Έ μ λΆμ λ°λ³΅λλ μμ¬ μ곑과 λ§μΈμ λΉννλ©°, κΉλμ€-μ€λΆμΉ 곡λμ μΈμ λ΄κ²Όλ νν΄μ λ―Έλμ§ν₯μ κ΄κ³μ μ μ μ΄ μ΄λ»κ² νΌμλκ³ μλμ§λ₯Ό μ§μ ν©λλ€. κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ κ·Έμ λ§μλ μ°λ¦¬μ κ°μ₯ κ°λ ₯ν λ¬΄κΈ°κ° λ°λ‘ 'κΈ°μ΅ν¬μ'μμ μμ€ν©λλ€.
✏️ This article criticizes the Japanese government's repeated historical distortions and reckless remarks, pointing out how the spirit of reconciliation and future-oriented relations from the Kim-Dae-jung-Obuchi Joint Declaration is being undermined. It then powerfully argues that our strongest weapon against this is the 'memory struggle'.
μ€λμ ν΅μ¬ νν: κΈ°μ΅ν¬μ(θ¨ζΆι¬ͺη) Today's Key Expression: Memory Struggle
✏️ κΈ°μ¬μμ κ°μ‘°νλ 'κΈ°μ΅'μ λ¨μν κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό μμ§ μλ μ°¨μμ λμ΄μλλ€. μ΄λ 'κΈ°μ΅ν¬μ'μ΄λΌλ κ°λ μΌλ‘ μ΄ν΄ν λ λμ± λͺ νν΄μ§λλ€.
✏️ The 'memory' emphasized in the article goes beyond simply not forgetting the past. It becomes clearer when understood through the concept of 'memory struggle' (κΈ°μ΅ν¬μ).
κΈ°μ΅ν¬μμ΄λ 무μμΌκΉμ?
λ¨μν κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό μμ§ μλ μλμ μΈ νμλ₯Ό λμ΄, μμ¬μ μ§μ€μ μ§ν€κ³ μ¬λ°λ₯΄κ² κ³μΉνκΈ° μν λ₯λμ μ΄κ³ μΉμ΄ν μΈμμ μλ―Έν©λλ€.
What is memory struggle?
It means more than the passive act of not forgetting; it signifies an active and intense fight to protect and correctly pass down historical truth.
μ 'ν¬μ'μΈκ°?
κΈ°μ΅μ μ μ λ‘ λ³΄μ‘΄λμ§ μκΈ° λλ¬Έμ
λλ€. μκ°μ νλ¦μ΄λΌλ μμ°μ μΈ λ§κ°μ λ§μμΌ ν λΏλ§ μλλΌ, μμ¬λ₯Ό μλμ μΌλ‘ μ§μ°κ±°λ μ곑νλ €λ μΈλ ₯μ μ κ·Ήμ μΌλ‘ λνν΄μΌ ν©λλ€. μ΄λ κ³Όκ±° μ¬μ€μ ν΄μκ³Ό νκ°λ₯Ό λλ¬μΌ 'μμ¬(narrative)μ μ μ'μ΄κΈ°λ ν©λλ€.
Why a 'struggle'?
Because memory is not preserved on its own. One must not only fight against the natural oblivion that comes with time but also actively resist forces that intentionally try to erase or distort history. It is also a 'war of narratives' surrounding the interpretation and evaluation of past events.
π―️ κΈ°μ΅ν¬μμ λ°©λ²:
- νΌν΄ μ¬μ€μ μ¦μΈνκ³ λ리 μ리λ μΌ (μμμμ λ±)
- μλ£λ₯Ό μμ§νκ³ μ°κ΅¬νμ¬ κ°κ΄μ μ¬μ€μ κΈ°λ‘νλ μΌ
- μλ
μ, κΈ°λ¦ΌλΉμ κ°μ μμ§λ¬Όμ ν΅ν΄ μνμ κΈ°λ
νλ μΌ
- κ΅μ‘μ ν΅ν΄ λ€μ μΈλμκ² μ¬λ°λ₯Έ μμ¬κ΄μ μ μνλ μΌ
Methods of memory struggle:
- Testifying to and widely publicizing the damages suffered (e.g., Wednesday Demonstrations)
- Collecting and researching materials to record objective facts
- Commemorating the pain through symbols like the Statue of Peace and memorial monuments
- Instilling a correct view of history in the next generation through education
κ²°κ΅ κΈ°μ΅ν¬μμ κ³Όκ±°μ 머무λ νμκ° μλλλ€. μμ¬μ μ§μ€μ λ°λ‘ μΈμ νμ¬μ μ μλ₯Ό μ€ν(μ¬μ£μ λ°°μ)νκ³ , λ€μλ κ°μ λΉκ·Ήμ΄ λ°λ³΅λμ§ μλ λ―Έλλ₯Ό λ§λ€κΈ° μν λ―Έλμ§ν₯μ μΈ μ€μ²μ λλ€.
Ultimately, memory struggle is not an act that dwells in the past. It is a future-oriented practice aimed at establishing historical truth to realize present justice (apology and reparations) and to create a future where such tragedies are not repeated.
✏️ κ΄λ³΅ 80μ£Όλ μ μλκ³ , μ°λ¦¬λ 무μμ ν΄μΌ ν κΉμ? <ν겨λ > κΈ°μ¬κ° μ°λ¦¬μκ² λμ§λ λ©μμ§λ λΆλͺ ν©λλ€. μΌλ³Έμ μμ¬ λΆμ μ κ°μ μ μΌλ‘ λΆλ Ένλ κ²μ λμ΄, μ°λ¦¬κ° λ¨Όμ μμ¬λ₯Ό λ μ ννκ² κΈ°μ΅νκ³ , λ λ리 μλ¦¬κ³ , λ λμ§κΈ°κ² μ¦μΈν΄μΌ ν©λλ€. κ΄λ³΅μ μΌνμ± μ¬κ±΄μΌλ‘ λ¨κ²¨λμ§ μκ³ , κ·Έ μ μ μ μ€λμ μΆ μμμ μ€μ²νλ €λ μ°λ¦¬ μΈλμ 'κΈ°μ΅ν¬μ'μ΄μΌλ§λ‘ κ΄λ³΅μ μμ±νλ μ§μ ν νμ΄ λ κ²μ λλ€.
✏️ Ahead of the 80th anniversary of liberation, what should we do? The message The Hankyoreh article gives us is clear. Beyond emotionally reacting to Japan's denial of history, we must first remember our history more accurately, publicize it more widely, and testify to it more tenaciously. Not leaving liberation as a one-time event, but striving to practice its spirit in our lives today—our generation's 'memory struggle'—will be the true force that completes our liberation.

μ°μ΅λ¬Έμ (Practice Questions)
νκ΅μ΄ (Korean) | μμ΄ (English) |
---|---|
λ€μ λΉμΉΈμ μλ§μ λ¨μ΄λ₯Ό μ±μ°μΈμ: "κ·Έμ μ£Όμ₯μ κ·Όκ±°κ° λΆμ‘±ν΄μ μ μ _________." | Fill in the blank with the appropriate phrase: "His argument lacks evidence, so it's gradually _________." |
'ν΄ν'μ μ¬μ©νμ¬ λ¬Έμ₯μ λ§λ€μ΄ 보μΈμ. | Make a sentence using 'ν΄ν' (regression). |
λ€μ λ¬Έμ₯μ '-(μΌ)γΉ λΏμ΄λ€'λ₯Ό μ¬μ©νμ¬ λ°κΏλ³΄μΈμ: "μ κ° μνλ κ²μ ννμ λλ€." | Change the following sentence using '-(μΌ)γΉ λΏμ΄λ€': "What I want is peace." |