๐Ÿ”ฅConfusing Business Korean expression⑧ ~ ์ด / ~ ํžˆ

ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด: ๋ถ€์‚ฌ '-์ด' vs '-ํžˆ' ๊ตฌ๋ณ„๋ฒ• (๊นจ๋—์ด vs ๊ผผ๊ผผํžˆ) | SUPER REAL KOREAN

ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด: ๋ถ€์‚ฌ '-์ด' vs '-ํžˆ' ๊ตฌ๋ณ„๋ฒ• (๊นจ๋—์ด vs ๊ผผ๊ผผํžˆ) ๐Ÿคฏ๐Ÿ“

๐Ÿ”ฅ ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋์žฅ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ๐Ÿ”ฅ

์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”! ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— '-์ด'๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์—ฌ์•ผ ํ• ์ง€, '-ํžˆ'๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์—ฌ์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ฆฐ ์  ์žˆ์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”? ํŠนํžˆ '๊นจ๋—์ด'์™€ '๊ผผ๊ผผํžˆ'์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋А๋‚Œ์ธ๋ฐ๋„ ๋์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์„œ ๋” ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋А๊ปด์ง€์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์ตœ๊ณ ๋ด‰ ๊ณผ์žฅ๋‹˜๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค ์”จ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด ๊ตฌ๋ณ„๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค!

Hello everyone, Korean learners! Have you ever been confused about whether to attach '-์ด' or '-ํžˆ' after verbs or adjectives to create adverbs? It must feel even more difficult because words like '๊นจ๋—์ด' (cleanly) and '๊ผผ๊ผผํžˆ' (meticulously) have similar nuances but different endings. Today, let's learn this distinction and the exceptions easily and enjoyably through a conversation between Manager Choi Gyeo-bong and Grace!

Korean adverb endings -์ด vs -ํžˆ

๐Ÿ“ '-์ด'์™€ '-ํžˆ' ๋ถ™์ด๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™ (๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ!)

'-์ด'์™€ '-ํžˆ'๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์–ด๊ทผ, ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— ๋ถ™์–ด ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ ‘๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์€ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”!

'-์ด' and '-ํžˆ' are suffixes attached to verb or adjective roots, or some nouns, to create adverbs. Unfortunately, there's no rule that applies perfectly, but there are a few tendencies!

▶️ '-์ด'๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ

์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— '-์ด'๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Mainly, '-์ด' is attached in the following cases:

1. ์–ด๊ทผ ๋์ด ใ…… ๋ฐ›์นจ์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ: ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๋‹ค๊นจ๋—์ด

When the root ends with the final consonant 'ใ……': to be cleancleanly

Basic
๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๋‹ค kkaekkeuthada (to be clean)
๊นจ๋—์ด kkaekkeusi (cleanly)

2. ์–ด๊ทผ ๋์ด ใ…‚ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™์ผ ๋•Œ: ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด (ใ…‚์ด ์›Œ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•จ)

When the root is a 'ใ…‚' irregular: to be closeclosely (ใ…‚ changes to ์›Œ)

Intermediate
๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค gakkapda (to be close)
๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด gakkai (closely, nearby)

3. ์–ด๊ทผ ๋์— ๋ชจ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ (์ผ๋ถ€): ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ฐ™์ด, ๊ตณ๋‹ค๊ตณ์ด

When the root ends in a vowel (some cases): to be sameequally, to be firmfirmly

Basic
๊ฐ™๋‹ค gatda (to be same)
๊ฐ™์ด gachi (equally, together)
Intermediate
๊ตณ๋‹ค gutda (to be firm)
๊ตณ์ด guji (firmly, insistently)

▶️ '-ํžˆ'๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ

-ํ•˜๋‹ค๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์–ด๊ทผ ๋’ค์— '-ํžˆ'๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ '-ํ•˜๋‹ค' ์•ž์— ๋ถ™์€ ๊ธ€์ž์˜ ๋ฐ›์นจ์ด ใ„ฑ, ใ„ท, ใ…‚, ใ……, ใ…ˆ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ์Œ+ใ…Ž ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Many verb or adjective roots ending in -hada attach '-ํžˆ'. This is often the case when the final consonant of the syllable before '-ํ•˜๋‹ค' is ใ„ฑ, ใ„ท, ใ…‚, ใ……, ใ…ˆ or a vowel + ใ…Ž.

์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๋‹ค์ •ํ™•ํžˆ (ใ„ฑ ๋ฐ›์นจ)

to be accurateaccurately (ends in ใ„ฑ)

Intermediate-Advanced
์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๋‹ค jeonghwakhada (to be accurate)
์ •ํ™•ํžˆ jeonghwakhi (accurately)

๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ„ํŽธํžˆ (ใ„ด ๋ฐ›์นจ - ์˜ˆ์™ธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ)

to be simple/convenientsimply/conveniently (ends in ใ„ด - tendency for exceptions)

Intermediate
๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•˜๋‹ค ganpyeonhada (to be simple/convenient)
๊ฐ„ํŽธํžˆ ganpyeonhi (simply, conveniently)

๊พธ์ค€ํ•˜๋‹ค๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ (ใ„ด ๋ฐ›์นจ - ์˜ˆ์™ธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ)

to be steady/consistentsteadily/consistently (ends in ใ„ด - tendency for exceptions)

Intermediate
๊พธ์ค€ํ•˜๋‹ค kkujunhada (to be steady/consistent)
๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ kkujunhi (steadily, consistently)
๐Ÿšจ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์™ธ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์ฃผ ํ‹€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค ๐Ÿšจ

์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ (O) / ์ฒœ์ฒœ์ด (X) - slowly
๊ธ‰ํžˆ (O) / ๊ธ‰์ด (X) - hurriedly
๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ (O) / ๊ฐ„๋‹จ์ด (X) - simply
์™„์ „ํžˆ (O) / ์™„์ „์ด (X) - completely
์ž์„ธํžˆ (O) / ์ž์„ธ์ด (X) - in detail

๐Ÿคฏ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์™€ ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค (์™ธ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ด์š”!)

์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„ ์œ„ ๊ทœ์น™๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ '๊นจ๋—์ด'์™€ '๊ผผ๊ผผํžˆ'์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ‘๋ฏธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„์š”. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์€ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์™ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Unfortunately, it's difficult to distinguish all words based only on the rules above. Especially words with similar meanings like '๊นจ๋—์ด' (cleanly) and '๊ผผ๊ผผํžˆ' (meticulously) often attach different suffixes. It's best to memorize these words separately.

➡️ ๊นจ๋—์ด (O) / ๊นจ๋—ํžˆ (X)
➡️ ๊ผผ๊ผผํžˆ (O) / ๊ผผ๊ผผ์ด (X)

➡️ ์†”์งํžˆ (O) / ์†”์ง์ด (X)
➡️ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ (O) / ์—ด์‹ฌ์ด (X)
➡️ ์กฐ์šฉํžˆ (O) / ์กฐ์šฉ์ด (X)
➡️ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ (O) / ํŠน๋ณ„์ด (X)

Intermediate
๊ผผ๊ผผํ•˜๋‹ค kkomkkomhada (to be meticulous, careful)
๊ผผ๊ผผํžˆ kkomkkomhi (meticulously, carefully)
Intermediate
์†”์งํ•˜๋‹ค soljikhada (to be honest/frank)
์†”์งํžˆ soljikhi (honestly, frankly)
Basic
์—ด์‹ฌํ•˜๋‹ค yeolshimhada (to be diligent/hardworking - Less common form)
์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ yeolshimhi (diligently, hard - Common adverb form)
Basic
์กฐ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค joyonghada (to be quiet)
์กฐ์šฉํžˆ joyonghi (quietly)
Intermediate
ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•˜๋‹ค teukbyeolhada (to be special)
ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ teukbyeolhi (especially, specially)

๐Ÿ—ฃ️ ์ตœ๊ณ ๋ด‰ ๊ณผ์žฅ vs ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค ์”จ (๋Œ€ํ™”๋กœ ํ™•์ธ!)

์ž, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ตœ๊ณ ๋ด‰ ๊ณผ์žฅ๋‹˜๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค ์”จ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?

Now, shall we check how they are used through the conversation between Manager Choi Gyeo-bong and Grace?

๐Ÿ‘ฑ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค: ๊ณผ์žฅ๋‹˜! ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ฅผ '๊นจ๋—ํžˆ' ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”! ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ•  ์ผ์„ '๊ผผ๊ผผ์ด' ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๊ณ ์š”! ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์ฃ ?
Grace: Manager! I cleaned my room 'kkaekkeuthi'! And I checked today's tasks 'kkomkkomee'! Did I do well?
๐Ÿง‘‍๐Ÿ’ผ ์ตœ๊ณ ๋ด‰ ๊ณผ์žฅ: ์˜ค, ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค ์”จ! ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ž‘ ์—…๋ฌด ํ™•์ธ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž˜ ํ•˜์…จ์–ด์š”! ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ ํ‘œํ˜„์—์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์•„์‰ฌ์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๋„ค์š”. '๊นจ๋—์ด'์™€ '๊ผผ๊ผผํžˆ'๋Š” ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด๋ฐ์š”.
Manager Choi: Oh, Grace! You did well with both the cleaning and checking your tasks! However, there's a slight point of improvement in the adverbial expressions. '๊นจ๋—์ด' (cleanly) and '๊ผผ๊ผผํžˆ' (meticulously) are easy to confuse.
๐Ÿ‘ฑ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค: ์•„! ์—ญ์‹œ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์š”! ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ๊ฐ€์š”?
Grace: Ah! It's difficult after all! What's different?
๐Ÿง‘‍๐Ÿ’ผ ์ตœ๊ณ ๋ด‰ ๊ณผ์žฅ: '๊นจ๋—์ด'๋Š” ์–ด๊ทผ '๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๋‹ค'์˜ ๋์ด ใ…… ๋ฐ›์นจ์ด๋ผ '-์ด'๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™๊ณ ์š”.
Manager Choi: For '๊นจ๋—์ด', the root '๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๋‹ค' ends with the final consonant 'ใ……', so '-์ด' is attached.
๐Ÿง‘‍๐Ÿ’ผ ์ตœ๊ณ ๋ด‰ ๊ณผ์žฅ: ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ '๊ผผ๊ผผํžˆ'๋Š” '๊ผผ๊ผผํ•˜๋‹ค' ๋’ค์— '-ํžˆ'๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์–ด์š”. ์ด๊ฑด ์•„๊นŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์— ๋”ฑ ๋งž์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์™ธ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„์š”.
Manager Choi: However, '๊ผผ๊ผผํžˆ' attaches '-ํžˆ' after '๊ผผ๊ผผํ•˜๋‹ค'. This doesn't fit perfectly with the rule I explained earlier, but there are many cases where you just have to memorize these words.
๐Ÿ‘ฑ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค: ์•„... ๊นจ๋—์ด, ๊ผผ๊ผผํžˆ... ์–ด๋ ต๋„ค์š”! ์†”์ง์ด ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„์ง๋„ ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ ค์š”!
Grace: Ah... kkaekkeusi, kkomkkomhi... It's difficult! Soljikee speaking, I'm still confused!
๐Ÿง‘‍๐Ÿ’ผ ์ตœ๊ณ ๋ด‰ ๊ณผ์žฅ: ํ•˜ํ•˜, ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”. ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์†”์งํžˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ, '์†”์งํ•˜๋‹ค' ๋’ค์—๋„ '-ํžˆ'๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์–ด์„œ ์†”์งํžˆ๊ฐ€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Manager Choi: Haha, it's okay. You just said soljikee, but ์†”์งํžˆ is correct because '-ํžˆ' is attached after '์†”์งํ•˜๋‹ค'.
๐Ÿ‘ฑ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค: ์•„! ์†”์งํžˆ! ์•„... ์ •๋ง ์™ธ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”. ์—ด์‹ฌ์ด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”!
Grace: Ah! Soljikhi! Ah... I really do have to memorize them. I need to study yeolsimee!
๐Ÿง‘‍๐Ÿ’ผ ์ตœ๊ณ ๋ด‰ ๊ณผ์žฅ: ๋„ค! ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ถ„๋ช… ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์งˆ๊ฑฐ์—์š”. '-์ด'๋‚˜ '-ํžˆ' ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ™์—ฌ๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ด์„œ ์จ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Manager Choi: Yes! If you study ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ, you will definitely get used to it! There are some words where you can attach either '-์ด' or '-ํžˆ', but there are more words that need to be distinguished, so you have to be careful.
Difference between ์ด and ํžˆ
๐Ÿ’ก ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ •๋ฆฌ ๐Ÿ’ก
๐Ÿ’ก Key Summary ๐Ÿ’ก
  • ✨ ์–ด๊ทผ ๋์ด ใ…… ๋ฐ›์นจ → '-์ด' (์˜ˆ: ๊นจ๋—์ด)
  • ✨ ์–ด๊ทผ ๋์ด ใ…‚ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™'-์ด' (์˜ˆ: ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด)
  • -ํ•˜๋‹ค๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹จ์–ด → '-ํžˆ' (์˜ˆ: ์กฐ์šฉํžˆ, ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ)
  • ⚠️ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์ž์ฃผ ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์™ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! (์˜ˆ: ๊ผผ๊ผผํžˆ, ์†”์งํžˆ, ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ)

'-์ด'์™€ '-ํžˆ', ์ด์ œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๊ฐ์ด ์˜ค์‹œ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทœ์น™๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ณ ๋ด‰ ๊ณผ์žฅ๋‹˜์˜ ๋ง์”€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ, ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ ‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์š”! ๐Ÿ’ช

Do you have a better feel for '-์ด' and '-ํžˆ' now? It's a tricky part with rules but also many exceptions. As Manager Choi said, it's important to get used to them by encountering various words ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ (diligently), ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ (steadily)! ๐Ÿ’ช

๐Ÿ’ช ํž˜๋“ค์–ด๋„ ํ•˜๋ฃจ 5๋ถ„! ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ฝ”๋ฆฌ์•ˆ๋“œ๋ฆผ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๐Ÿ’ช

๐Ÿ’ช Even when it's tough, just 5 minutes a day! Your Korean Dream will come true! ๐Ÿ’ช

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Enhancing Your Korean for Real Business Life.


#ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค #ํ† ํ”ฝ2๊ธ‰์‹œํ—˜ #ํ•œ๊ตญ์ง์žฅ์ƒํ™œ #์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ์ง์žฅ์ ์‘ #EPS๊ทผ๋ฌด #E7์ „๋ฌธ์ง #E9ํ˜„์žฅ์ง #ํ•œ๊ตญ์ง์žฅ์˜ˆ์ ˆ #์ง์žฅํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด #์—…๋ฌดํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด #ํ•œ๊ตญ์ง์žฅํšŒํ™” #ํ•œ๊ตญ์‹๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค #BusinessKorean #TOPIKLevel2Exam #KoreanWorkLife #ForeignersInKoreaJobs #EPSEmployment #E7ProfessionalVisa #E9LaborVisa #KoreanOfficeEtiquette #WorkplaceKorean #KoreanForMeetings #KoreanJobTalk #KoreanBusinessCulture #ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚น้Ÿ“ๅ›ฝ่ชž #TOPIK2็ดš่ฉฆ้จ“ #้Ÿ“ๅ›ฝ่ทๅ ด็”Ÿๆดป #ๅค–ๅ›ฝไบบ่ทๅ ด้ฉๅฟœ #EPSๅ‹คๅ‹™ #E7ๅฐ‚้–€่ท #E9็พๅ ด่ท #้Ÿ“ๅ›ฝ่ทๅ ดใƒžใƒŠใƒผ #่ทๅ ด้Ÿ“ๅ›ฝ่ชž #ๆฅญๅ‹™้Ÿ“ๅ›ฝ่ชž #้Ÿ“ๅ›ฝไผๆฅญไผš่ฉฑ #้Ÿ“ๅ›ฝใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นๆ–‡ๅŒ– #ๅ•†ๆฅญ้Ÿ“่ชž #TOPIK2็ดš่€ƒ่ฉฆ #้Ÿ“ๅœ‹่ทๅ ด็”Ÿๆดป #ๅค–ๅœ‹ไบบ่ทๅ ด้ฉๆ‡‰ #EPSๅทฅไฝœ #E7ๅฐˆๆฅญ็ฐฝ่ญ‰ #E9ๅ‹žๅทฅ็ฐฝ่ญ‰ #้Ÿ“ๅœ‹่ทๅ ด็ฆฎๅ„€ #่พฆๅ…ฌๅฎค้Ÿ“่ชž #ๆฅญๅ‹™้Ÿ“่ชž #้Ÿ“ๅœ‹่ทๅ ดๅฐ่ฉฑ #้Ÿ“ๅœ‹ๅ•†ๅ‹™ๆ–‡ๅŒ– #เคต्เคฏเคตเคธाเคฏเค•ोเคฐिเคฏเคจ #TOPIKเคธ्เคคเคฐ2เคชเคฐीเค•्เคทा #เค•ोเคฐिเคฏเคจเค•ाเคฎเคœीเคตเคจ #เคตिเคฆेเคถिเคฏोंเค•ेเคฒिเคเค•ोเคฐिเคฏเคจเคจौเค•เคฐी #EPSเคฐोเคœ़เค—ाเคฐ #E7เคชेเคถेเคตเคฐเคตीเคœ़ा #E9เคฎเคœ़เคฆूเคฐเคตीเคœ़ा #เค•ोเคฐिเคฏเคจเค•ाเคฐ्เคฏाเคฒเคฏเคถिเคท्เคŸाเคšाเคฐ #เค•ाเคฐ्เคฏเคธ्เคฅเคฒเค•ोเคฐिเคฏเคจ #เค•ोเคฐिเคฏเคจเคฌैเค เค•เคตाเคฐ्เคคाเคฒाเคช #เค•ोเคฐिเคฏเคจเคจौเค•เคฐीเคฌाเคคเคšीเคค #เค•ोเคฐिเคฏเคจเคต्เคฏाเคชाเคฐเคธंเคธ्เค•ृเคคि #CoreanoDeNegocios #ExamenTOPIKNivel2 #VidaLaboralCoreana #TrabajoParaExtranjerosEnCorea #EmpleoEPS #VisaProfesionalE7 #VisaLaboralE9 #EtiquetaLaboralCoreana #CoreanoParaOficinas #CoreanoParaReuniones #ConversaciรณnDeTrabajoCoreana #CulturaDeNegociosCoreana #CorรฉenDesAffaires #ExamenTOPIKNiveau2 #VieProfessionnelleCorรฉenne #EmploiPourร‰trangersEnCorรฉe #TravailEPS #VisaProfessionnelE7 #VisaTravailE9 #ร‰tiquetteBureauCorรฉenne #CorรฉenPourEntreprises #CorรฉenPourRรฉunions #DiscussionProfessionnelleCorรฉenne #CultureDesAffairesCorรฉenne

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